instructions from the brain to the rest of the body and then the spinal accessory nerve [motor] which has to do with
moving your head and lastly there is the hypoglossal nerve [motor] that allows you to swallow and talk.
MOTOR AND SENSORY
The difference between sensory and motor neurons is that motor are efferent neurones they carry information from the
central nervous system towards the bottom tissues, whereas sensory or afferent neurones carry information from body
tissues back towards the central nervous system. The sensory or afferent category of nerve modalities can further be
subdivided into general somatic afferent, general visceral afferent, and special visceral afferent neurons.
General somatic afferent neurons are carried mainly by cranial nerves 5, 7, 9 and 10 and transmit sensory information
such as pain temperature and touch. General visceral afferent neurons are carried mainly by cranial nerves 9 and 10 and
transmitted visceral sensory data such as information obtained by stretch receptors chemo and Baro-receptors from the
heart, lungs, GI tract, carotid body and carotid sinus, information from these receptors can help regulate homeostasis of
certain organ systems such as our cardiovascular system.
Finally, within the category of sensory nerve fibres we have the special visceral afferent neurons carried by Cranial nerves
1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10 these nerves transmit special sensory information such as smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium.
Similarly, the motor or efferent neurons can also be further subdivided into general somatic efferent, general visceral
efferent and special visceral efferent neurons. General somatic efferent neurons are carried by cranial nerves 3, 4, 6 and 12
that carry information related to skeletal muscles including extraocular and tongue muscles, General viscerally efferent
neurons are carried by cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10 these nerves innervate involuntary smooth muscles or glands
including the visceral motor neurons that make up the cranial outflow of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system, this includes visceral organs that play a role in that rest and digest function of the parasympathetic
nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract and finally there are special visceral efferent neurons which innervate
skeletal muscles derived from the branchial arch’s including the muscles of mastication and facial expression and the
palatal, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. Innervation to these muscles is through cranial nerves 5, 7, 9 and 10.
, INNERVATION OF THE HEART
Afferent and efferent nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system contributes to the hearts overall innovation, afferent
fibres will be carrying nerve impulses or sensory information from the receptors in the sensory organs too then the central
nervous system while efferent fibres will carry impulses from the central nervous system to then the effector organ, the
innervation of your heart is derived mostly from the cardiac plexus, cardiac plexus is formed by cardiac nerves which then
carry both sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibres, the cardiac plexus is located just in front of the bifurcation of the
trachea, it’s function is to innervate the electrical conducting system of the heart also the atrial and ventricular
myocardium as well as the coronary vasculature.
Down to the aorta and the aortic arch we have some aortic Baro-receptors located on the aortic arch, we also have Baro-
receptors on the internal carotid artery these are called the carotid Baro-receptors and these carotid Baro-receptors are
located on a swelling on the internal carotid artery, this is called the carotid sinus so the carotid sinus is swelling on the
internal carotid artery and on that swelling are located the carotid Barrow receptors, so we have two kinds of Baro-
moving your head and lastly there is the hypoglossal nerve [motor] that allows you to swallow and talk.
MOTOR AND SENSORY
The difference between sensory and motor neurons is that motor are efferent neurones they carry information from the
central nervous system towards the bottom tissues, whereas sensory or afferent neurones carry information from body
tissues back towards the central nervous system. The sensory or afferent category of nerve modalities can further be
subdivided into general somatic afferent, general visceral afferent, and special visceral afferent neurons.
General somatic afferent neurons are carried mainly by cranial nerves 5, 7, 9 and 10 and transmit sensory information
such as pain temperature and touch. General visceral afferent neurons are carried mainly by cranial nerves 9 and 10 and
transmitted visceral sensory data such as information obtained by stretch receptors chemo and Baro-receptors from the
heart, lungs, GI tract, carotid body and carotid sinus, information from these receptors can help regulate homeostasis of
certain organ systems such as our cardiovascular system.
Finally, within the category of sensory nerve fibres we have the special visceral afferent neurons carried by Cranial nerves
1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10 these nerves transmit special sensory information such as smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium.
Similarly, the motor or efferent neurons can also be further subdivided into general somatic efferent, general visceral
efferent and special visceral efferent neurons. General somatic efferent neurons are carried by cranial nerves 3, 4, 6 and 12
that carry information related to skeletal muscles including extraocular and tongue muscles, General viscerally efferent
neurons are carried by cranial nerves 3, 7, 9 and 10 these nerves innervate involuntary smooth muscles or glands
including the visceral motor neurons that make up the cranial outflow of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system, this includes visceral organs that play a role in that rest and digest function of the parasympathetic
nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract and finally there are special visceral efferent neurons which innervate
skeletal muscles derived from the branchial arch’s including the muscles of mastication and facial expression and the
palatal, pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. Innervation to these muscles is through cranial nerves 5, 7, 9 and 10.
, INNERVATION OF THE HEART
Afferent and efferent nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system contributes to the hearts overall innovation, afferent
fibres will be carrying nerve impulses or sensory information from the receptors in the sensory organs too then the central
nervous system while efferent fibres will carry impulses from the central nervous system to then the effector organ, the
innervation of your heart is derived mostly from the cardiac plexus, cardiac plexus is formed by cardiac nerves which then
carry both sympathetic and Parasympathetic fibres, the cardiac plexus is located just in front of the bifurcation of the
trachea, it’s function is to innervate the electrical conducting system of the heart also the atrial and ventricular
myocardium as well as the coronary vasculature.
Down to the aorta and the aortic arch we have some aortic Baro-receptors located on the aortic arch, we also have Baro-
receptors on the internal carotid artery these are called the carotid Baro-receptors and these carotid Baro-receptors are
located on a swelling on the internal carotid artery, this is called the carotid sinus so the carotid sinus is swelling on the
internal carotid artery and on that swelling are located the carotid Barrow receptors, so we have two kinds of Baro-
