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Zusammenfassung Hormone

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Physiologie II: Hormone

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Zusammenfassung – Hormone

Endokrine Organe

Endokrines Organ Funktion / Synthese
Hypothalamus Befehle direkt aus der Großhirnrinde und aus limbischem System

Releasing-/Inhibiting-Hormone mit hauptsächlicher Wirkung auf
Hypophyse

ADH und Oxytocin

Hypophyse glandotrope Hormone

Epiphyse Melatonin

Bekommt Information indirekt von der Retina

Nebenniere Steroidhormone und Katecholamine

Schilddrüse Thyroxin, Triiodthyronin, Calcitonin

Nebenschilddrüse Parathormon

Hoden Spermatogenese, Sexualhormone

Ovarien Ort der Oogenese, Sexualhormone

Pankreas Exokriner Anteil = Verdauungsenzyme
Endokriner Anteil = Insulin, Glucagon

Leber Größtes Stoffwechselorgan

Bildet Gallenflüssigkeit
Entgiftung (Biotransformation)
Speicherorgan (Glykogen, Vitamine)
Aktivierung von Triiodthyronin

Synthese: Wachstumsfaktoren, Angiotensinogen, Calciferolen
(Beteiligung)

Nieren Filtration des Blutes, Harnbildung

Erythropoetin, Renin, Calciferole (Beteiligung)

, Endokrine Zellen

Organ Zelle Ort Funktion (Synthese)
Schilddrüse C-Zellen Calcitonin

Magen-Darm- G-Zellen Magen Gastrin
Trakt
H- oder ECL-Zellen Magen Histamin

I-Zellen Duodenum, Jejunum Cholecystokinin (CCK)

K-Zellen Duodenum, Jejunum Glucose-dependent insulin-
releasing peptide (GIP)

Enteroendokrine Zellen Dünndarm Somatostatin

L-Zellen Ileum, Colon Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1)

M-Zellen Dünndarm Motilin

Pankreas α-Zellen Glucagon, Pankreastatin

β-Zellen Insulin, Chromatostatin

D-Zellen Somatostatin

PP-Zellen Pankreatisches Peptid

Herz Myokardzellen Rechter Vorhof Atriales natriuretisches Peptid
(ANP)

Ventrikulär Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

Niere Zellen Juxtaglomerulärer Renin
Apparat

Hoden Leydig-Zellen Testosteron

Ovarien Theca-interna-Zellen Androgene

Granulosazellen Gelbkörper Östrogene, Progesteron

Plazenta Humanes Choringonadotropin
(HCG)

Humanes Plazentalactogen
(HPL)

, Hypothalamus- und Hypophysen-Hormone

Releasing-Hormone (-RH) des medialen Hypothalamus

Abkürzung Name Fördert Freisetzung von:
TRH Thyreotropin-RH Thyreotropin (TSH)
Prolactin

CRH Corticotropin-RH Corticotropin (ACTH)

Stimuliert Synthese von POMC

GnRH Gonadotropin-RH Lutropin (LH)
Follitropin (FSH)

GHRH Growth-Hormone-RH Somatotropin (STH = GH)




Inhibiting-Hormone (-IH) des medialen Hypothalamus

Abkürzung Name Hemmt Freisetzung von:
GHIH, SIH Growth-Hormone-IH Somatotropin (STH)
Somatotropin-IH Thyreotropin (TSH)
Somatostatin

PIH Prolactin-IH Prolactin
Dopamin



- die oben genannten Hormone werden im medialen Hypothalamus gebildet
- im rostralen Hypothalamus werden folgende effektorische Hormone synthetisiert:
o ADH (antidiuretisches Hormon)
o Oxytocin
- beide Hormone gelangen über axonalen Transport zur Neurohyophyse (Hinterlappen)
und werden dort gespeichert und an die Blutbahn abgegeben

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