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Samenvatting Criminal Policy and Criminological Theory

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Dit is een samenvatting van het vak Criminal Policy and Criminological Theory, gegeven door prof. Lititzia Paoli aan de Master Criminologische Wetenschappen (KU Leuven). Het bestand omvat de notities en powerpoints van de les. Deze notities zijn vervolgens vertaald naar het Nederlands.

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Faculteit Rechtsgeleerdheid
Opleiding Criminologische Wetenschappen
Academiejaar 2022 - 2023
KATHOLIEKE
UNIVERSITEIT
LEUVEN




CRIMINAL POLICY AND CRIMINOLOGICAL
THEORY: INTERNATIONAL AND
COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
SAMENVATTING

PROF. LITITZIA PAOLI




MASTER CRIMINOLOGISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN, EERSTE SEMESTER

,2

, INHOUDSOPGAVE

H1 – Introductie: Wat is strafrechtelijk beleid? Wat is beleidsanalyse? En wat is weer theorie? ...... 1
1.1 Doelstellingen en inhoud van de cursus........................................................................................ 1
1.2 Kernbegrippen / componenten ..................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Strafrechtelijk beleid .............................................................................................................. 3
1.2.2 Beleidsanalyse ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.2.3 Waarom weer theorieën? ...................................................................................................... 8
H2 – De vijf stappen van beleidsanalyse en instructies voor jouw beleidsplan .............................. 10
2.1 Concepte kaart van de cursus ..................................................................................................... 10
2.2 De 5 fasen van beleidsanalyse..................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Probleemstructurering (= problem structuring) .................................................................. 10
2.2.2 Voorspellen (= forecasting) .................................................................................................. 12
2.2.3 Voorschrift (= prescribing) .................................................................................................... 14
2.2.4 Controle (= monitoring) ........................................................................................................ 16
2.2.5 Evaluatie (= evaluation) ........................................................................................................ 18
2.3 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 20
H3 – Wat is een goed strafrechtelijk beleid? ................................................................................ 21
3.1 Principes en doelen van strafrechtelijk recht en strafrechtelijk beleid ...................................... 21
3.1.1 Waarom hebben we een strafwet en strafrechtelijk beleid nodig? .................................... 21
3.1.2 Consequentialisme ............................................................................................................... 21
3.1.3 Wettelijk moralisme / retributivisme ................................................................................... 23
3.2 In hoeverre worden de doelstellingen bereikt? .......................................................................... 24
3.2.1 Afschrikking .......................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.2 Incapacitatie ......................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.3 Morele opvoeding ................................................................................................................ 25
3.2.4 Retributieve rechtvaardigheid.............................................................................................. 25
3.3 Kan en moet schadebeperking een / het hoofddoel worden? ................................................... 27
3.3.1 Schadebeperking .................................................................................................................. 27
3.3.2 Schadebeoordeling ............................................................................................................... 28
3.4 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 29




3

, H4 – Vergelijking strafrechtelijk beleid: resultaten, trends en determinanten .............................. 30
4.1 Vergelijking strafrechtelijk beleid: middelen, resultaten en trends............................................ 30
4.2 Determinanten van straf (strafrechtelijk) beleid ........................................................................ 33
4.2.1 Risico, beschermende en niet-factoren ............................................................................... 33
4.2.2 Risicofactoren uit nationale casestudies (Tonry) ................................................................. 35
4.2.3 Statistische analyse van risicofactoren ................................................................................ 36
4.2.4 Beschermende factoren ....................................................................................................... 37
4.3 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 38
H5 – Strafrechtelijk beleid in België............................................................................................. 39
5.1 De beginselen van het Belgische strafrechtelijke beleid en de resultaten ervan ....................... 39
5.1.1 Beginselen en resultaten ...................................................................................................... 39
5.1.2 Gevangenis ........................................................................................................................... 40
5.1.3 Beleid .................................................................................................................................... 42
5.2 Van strafbeleid naar veiligheidsbeleid ........................................................................................ 43
5.3 Strafbeleid in België: op zoek naar determinanten..................................................................... 44
5.4 Conclusie ..................................................................................................................................... 45
H6 – Strafrechtelijk beleid in Nederland en andere Europese landen ........................................... 47
6.1 Strafrechtelijk beleid in Nederland ............................................................................................. 47
6.1.1 Drie fases in het Nederlands strafrechtelijk beleid .............................................................. 47
6.1.2 VERKLARENDE FACTOREN SWAANINGEN ............................................................................ 48
6.1.3 Factoren Boone et al. ........................................................................................................... 50
6.2 Een blik op het strafrechtelijk beleid in het VK ........................................................................... 52
6.3 Een blik op het strafrechtelijk beleid in Scandinavië .................................................................. 54
6.3.1 Finland .................................................................................................................................. 55
6.3.2 Zweden ................................................................................................................................. 57
6.4 Conclusie: welke determinanten van crimineel beleid komen naar voren? ............................... 59
6.4.1 Kernpunten Nederland ......................................................................................................... 59
6.4.2 Kernpunten VK ..................................................................................................................... 59
6.4.3 Kernpunten Scandinavië....................................................................................................... 59
H7 – Strafrechtelijk beleid in de VS en Japan ............................................................................... 61
7.1 Strafrechtelijk beleid in de VS ..................................................................................................... 61
7.1.1 Resultaten............................................................................................................................. 61
7.1.2 Zoeken naar determinanten................................................................................................. 68
7.2 Een blik op het strafrechtelijk beleid in Japan ............................................................................ 71


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