Ecosystems Quiz with compete solutions

Abiotic Factor - ANSWER-nonliving aspect of the environment Abiotic Factor Examples - ANSWER-Soil Light Water Biotic Factors - ANSWER-living aspects of the environment, including organisms of the same and different species Biotic Factors Examples - ANSWER-Grass Bacteria Humans Ecosystem - ANSWER-a unit of nature and the focus of study in ecology. Consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions Niche - ANSWER-the role of a species in its ecosystem. Includes all the ways that the species interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. Two important aspects of a species' niche are the food it eats and how the food is obtained What makes species have a different niche? - ANSWER-Eating different types of food and obtaining the food in a different way Habitat - ANSWER-physical environment in which a species lives and to which it has become adapted Competitive Exclusion Principle - ANSWER-Principle of ecology stating that two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for very long Determine if each of the following are biotic or abiotic factors: Soil Light Grass Water Bacteria - ANSWER-Soil- abiotic Light- abiotic Grass- biotic Water- abiotic Bacteria- biotic Compare and contrast the ecosystem concepts of nice and habitat - ANSWER-Niche is the role, Habitat is the physical environment Two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for long Niche and Habitat both relate to the interactions of organisms in a certain place Producers - ANSWER-Organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms using energy and simple inorganic molecules to make organic compounds What are the types of Producers? - ANSWER-Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Photoautotrophs - ANSWER-use energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis Photoautotrophs Examples - ANSWER-Plants Algae Certain Bacteria Chemoautotrophs - ANSWER-use energy from chemical compounds to make food by chemosynthesis Chemoautotrophs Examples - ANSWER-Some bacteria Archaea What are common producers on the planet? - ANSWER-Plants- Terrestrial Algae- Aquatic Bacteria- Aquatic, Terrestrial Herbivores - ANSWER-Consume producers such as plants or algae Consumers - ANSWER-Organisms that depend on other organisms for food by taking in organic molecules by essentially "eating" other living things What are the types of Consumers? - ANSWER-Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores Herbivores Examples - ANSWER-Deer Mice Rabbits Carnivores - ANSWER-Consume animals. Carnivores that are unable to digest plants and must eat only animals are called obligate carnivores. Other carnivores can digest plants but do not commonly eat them Carnivores Examples - ANSWER-Lions Polar Bears Hawks Frogs Salmon Spiders Omnivores - ANSWER-Consume both plants and animals Omnivores Examples - ANSWER-Humans Pigs Brown Bears Gulls Crows Decomposers - ANSWER-Organisms that break down the remains and other wastes and release simple inorganic molecules back to the environment What are the types of Decomposers? - ANSWER-Scavengers Detritivores Saprotrophs Scavengers - ANSWER-consume the soft tissues of dead animals Scavengers Examples - ANSWER-Vultures Raccoons Blowflies Detritivores - ANSWER-consume detritus (the dead leaves, animal feces, and other organic debris that collects on the soil or at the bottom of a body of water Detritivores Examples - ANSWER-Earthworms Millipedes Dung Beetles Sea Cucumbers Catfish Saprotrophs - ANSWER-final step in decomposition, feed on any remaining organic matter that is left after other decomposers do their work Saprotrophs Examples - ANSWER-Fungi (only organisms that can decompose wood) Single-celled protozoa About 90% of the energy is lost between one level to the next. If a plant captures 1000 calories of solar energy, how much is passed to the bird that ate the bug that ate the plant? - ANSWER-100 Calories Food Chain - ANSWER-Represents a single pathway by which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem. Food chains are generally simpler than what really happens in nature Which direction does the arrow point in a food chain and a food web? - ANSWER-In the direction the energy flows Toward the organism that ate the previous organism Food Web - ANSWER-Represents multiple pathways through which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem. It includes many intersecting food chains. It demonstrates that most organisms eat, and are eaten, by more than one species Why is a food web more realistic than a food chain? - ANSWER-It demonstrates more than one pathway in which energy flows What kind of organism is at the 1st trophic level? - ANSWER-Producer (Makes its own food) What kind of organism is at the 2nd trophic level? - ANSWER-Primary Consumer (Consumes Producers) What kind of organism is at the 3rd trophic level? - ANSWER-Secondary Consumer (consumes primary consumers) What kind of organism is at the 4th trophic level? - ANSWER-Tertiary Consumer (consumes secondary consumers) Why are there generally only 4 trophic levels? - ANSWER-Because a lot of energy is lost at each steps If 90% of energy is lost before next level, where does it go? - ANSWER-It is used for metabolic processes or given off to the environment as heat Biomass - ANSWER-The total mass of organisms at a trophic level Why is there less biomass at the top of the energy pyramid? - ANSWER-Energy pyramids decrease in biomass for lower to higher levels More and more energy is being lost and