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Samenvatting cursus psychologie

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PSYCHOLOGIE
Inleiding..................................................................................................................................................5
OLOD..................................................................................................................................................5
Biologisch perspectief.............................................................................................................................6
Mensbeeld en uitgangspunten...........................................................................................................6
Genetica – impact...............................................................................................................................6
De zygote........................................................................................................................................6
Zygote ontwikkelt tot mens (vermenigvuldigingsdeling)................................................................6
Commando van het differetiatieproces..........................................................................................6
Erfelijkheidsprincipe...........................................................................................................................7
Reductiedeling................................................................................................................................7
Wetten van mendel........................................................................................................................7
Mutaties van genetisch materiaal......................................................................................................8
Puntmutatie....................................................................................................................................8
Chromosoommutatie.....................................................................................................................8
Genoommutatie.............................................................................................................................9
Overerving van mutaties....................................................................................................................9
Afrondende bedenkingen.................................................................................................................10
De hersenen.....................................................................................................................................10
Soorten zenuwstelsel en taken.....................................................................................................10
Inzoomen op het CZS....................................................................................................................10
Neuronale overdracht......................................................................................................................11
De cellen van het ZCS....................................................................................................................11
Neuronale overdracht via neurotransmitters...............................................................................11
Het sociaal brein...............................................................................................................................12
Impact van omgeving op gedrag...................................................................................................12
Kernbegrippen..............................................................................................................................12
Zelfregulatie & co-regulatie..........................................................................................................12
Werking bij relationele betrouwbaarheid.....................................................................................13
Relationeel wantrouwen van cliënten..........................................................................................14
Co-regulatie..................................................................................................................................15
Zelfzorg.........................................................................................................................................16
Psychodynamisch perspectief..............................................................................................................17

, Intro..................................................................................................................................................17
Mensbeeld........................................................................................................................................18
Constructie van het onbewuste........................................................................................................18
Persoonlijkheidstheorie....................................................................................................................19
Levens- en doodsdrift...................................................................................................................19
Constructie van de persoonlijkheid..............................................................................................19
Afweermechanismen zijn copingstrategieën................................................................................20
Soorten afweermechanismen.......................................................................................................20
Objectrelatieheidstheorie.................................................................................................................21
Psychodynamica in de praktijk.........................................................................................................22
De begeleider als ‘hulp-ik’: functies van het ICH...........................................................................22
De begeleider als ‘hulp-ik’: 3 pijlers..............................................................................................22
Hanteren van overdracht en tegenoverdracht in praktijk............................................................23
(tegen)overdracht: afstand nabijheid...........................................................................................24
Uitingsvormen van overdracht.....................................................................................................24
Uitdieping van complexe opdrachten...........................................................................................24
Het leertheoretische perspectief..........................................................................................................24
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................24
Mensbeeld leertheoretische benadering.........................................................................................25
De leertheorie...................................................................................................................................25
Definitie leren...............................................................................................................................25
Centrale begrippen (stimulus en respons)....................................................................................25
De leerprocessen..........................................................................................................................25
De klassieke conditionering..............................................................................................................25
Definitie........................................................................................................................................26
Associatie-, signaal-, spontaan leren............................................................................................26
In de praktijk.................................................................................................................................26
Therapeutische technieken..........................................................................................................26
Wat kan OPB in het werken met cliënten.....................................................................................26
Iets leren over zelfzorg.................................................................................................................27
Operante conditionering..................................................................................................................27
Defintie.........................................................................................................................................28
Instrumenteel of doelgericht leren...............................................................................................28
Bekrachtigen: een ortho-agogische menukaart............................................................................28
Leerprincipes................................................................................................................................30
Over de effecten van verzwakkers................................................................................................30

, In de praktijk.................................................................................................................................31
Intermezzo........................................................................................................................................31
Model-leren, sociaal leren of observatie leren.................................................................................31
Ervaringsgericht leren.......................................................................................................................33
Humanistisch Perspectief.....................................................................................................................35
Mensbeeld........................................................................................................................................35
Humanistische theorie......................................................................................................................36
Zelftheorie van Carl Rogers...............................................................................................................36
wat kunnen wij hier mee als OPB?...................................................................................................37
Toepassen in de praktijk:..................................................................................................................38
De Gordon- methode:...................................................................................................................38
Gentle Teaching / John Mc. Gee:..................................................................................................39
Validation methode / Naomi Fell..................................................................................................39
cognitief perspectief:............................................................................................................................41
Mensbeeld:.......................................................................................................................................41
Cognitief perspectief........................................................................................................................41
Informatieverwerking...................................................................................................................41
Cognitieve schema’s:....................................................................................................................41
Be- en verwerken van info: waarneming en schema’s.................................................................42
attributie...........................................................................................................................................44
Attributietheorie:..........................................................................................................................44
Fundamentele attributiefout........................................................................................................45
Sociaal constructivisme....................................................................................................................45
Zelfzorg:............................................................................................................................................47

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