Peds ATI and Hockenberry Questions

A 16-month-old has a history of diarrhea for 3 days with poor oral intake. He received intravenous fluids, has tolerated some oral fluids in the emergency department, and is being discharged home. Instructions for diet for this child should include: A. BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast) for 24 hours, then a soft diet as tolerated B. Chicken or beef broth for 24 hours, then resume a soft diet C. Offer a regular diet as child's appetite warrants D. Keep on clear liquids and toast for 24 hours - C A 5-month-old infant is seen in the well-child clinic for a complaint of vomiting and failure to grow. His birth weight was 7 lb, and he now weighs 8 lb, 10 oz. The infant's mother reports that he is taking 4 to 7 oz of formula every 4 to 5 hours, but he "spits up a lot after eating and then is hungry again." The child is noted to be alert but appears malnourished. The mother reports that his stools are brown in color, and he has 1 to 2 bowel movements every day. Based on these findings, the nurse anticipates the infant has: A. Meckel diverticulum B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis C. Intussusception D. Hirschsprung disease - B Because children with celiac disease must limit their intake of products containing gluten in wheat, rye, oats, and barley, they are at risk for which of the following nutritional deficiencies? Select all that apply. Iron deficiency anemia A. Folic acid deficiency B. Zinc deficiency C. Vitamin A, D, E, and K deficiency D. Vitamin B12 deficiency E. A formerly preterm infant - ABD A formerly preterm infant who had surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis is now 6 months old and has short-bowel syndrome. He is unable to absorb most nutrients taken by mouth and is totally dependent on parenteral nutrition, which he receives via a central venous catheter. The clinic nurse following this infant is aware that this infant should be closely observed for the development of: A. Gastroesophageal reflux B. Chronic diarrhea C. Cholestasis D. Failure to thrive - C The nurse caring for a 4-month-old infant with biliary atresia and significant urticaria can anticipate administering: A. Diphenhydramine B. Ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) C. Loratadine D. Zantac - B Hepatitis A virus is transmitted by which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Breast milk from mother with HAV B. Ingestion of contaminated food C. Fecal-oral route D. Casual contact with infected person E. Blood transfusion - BC A nurse is caring for a child who has had watery diarrhea for the past 3 days.Which of the following is an action for the nurse to take? Offer chicken broth Initiate oral rehydration therapy Start hypertonic IV solution Keep NPO - B A nurse is caring for a child who is suspected to have Enterobius vermicularis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Perform a tape test Collect stool specimen for culture Test the stool for occult blood Initiate IV fluids - A A nurse is assessing a child who has a rotavirus infection. Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply) Fever Vomiting Watery stools Blood stools Confusion - ABC A nurse is teaching a group of parents about Salmonella. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) Incubation period is nonspecific It is a bacterial infection Bloody diarrhea is common Transmission can be from house pets - BCD Antibiotics are used for treatment A nurse is teaching a group of caregivers about E.coli. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) Severe abdominal cramping occurs Watery diarrhea is present for more than 5 days It can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome It is a foodborne pathogen Antibiotics are given for treatment - ACD A nurse is assessing an infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply). Projectile vomiting Dry mucous membranes Currant jelly stools Sausage-shaped abdominal mass Constant hunger - ABE A nurse is caring for a child who has Hirschsprung's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Encourage a high-fiber, low-protein, low-calorie diet Prepare the family for surgery Place an NG tube for decompression Initiate bed rest - B A nurse is caring for an infant who has just returned from PACU following cleft lip and palate repair. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Remove the packing in the mouth Place the infant in an upright position Offer a pacifier with sucrose Assess the mouth with a tongue blade - B A nurse is caring for a child who has Meckel's diverticulum. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply). Abdominal pain Fever Mucus and blood in stools Vomiting Rapid, shallow breathing - AC A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about gastrointestinal reflux disease. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply). Offer frequent feedings Thicken formula with rice cereal Use a bottle with a one way valve Position baby upright after feedings Use a wide based nipple for feedings - ABD A 12-year-old child is in the urgent care clinic with a complaint of fever, headache, and sore throat. A diagnosis of group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngitis is established with a rapid-strep test, and oral penicillin is prescribed. The nurse knows which of the following statements about GABHS is correct? Children with a GABHS infection are less likely to contract the illness again after the antibiotic regimen is completed. A follow-up throat culture is recommended after the completion of antibiotic therapy. Children with a GABHS infection are at increased risk for the development of rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Children with a GABHS infection are at increased risk for the development of rheumatoid arthritis in adulthood. - C A 5-year-old is recovering from a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and is being discharged home with his mother. Home care instructions should include which of the following? Select all that apply. Observe the child for continuous swallowing. Encourage the child to take sips of cool, clear liquids. Administer codeine elixir as necessary for throat pain. Observe the child for restlessness or difficulty breathing. Encourage the child to cough every 4 to 5 hours to prevent pneumonia. Administer an analgesic such as acetaminophen for pain. - ABDF A 3-month-old infant is seen in the clinic with the following symptoms: irritability, crying, refusal to nurse for more than 2 to 3 minutes, rhinitis, and a rectal temperature of 101.8°F (38.8°C). The labor, delivery, and postpartum history for this term infant is unremarkable. The nurse anticipates a diagnosis of: Acute otitis media (AOM) Otitis media with effusion (OME) Otitis externa Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - A