C431 PA questions with complete solution updated 2022

C431 PA questions with complete solution updated 2022The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that hospital-acquired infections affect up to 1 in 25 patients, leading to significant patient morbidity and mortality. Why should evidence-based practice be applied to address this issue? Because it applies scientific evidence from peer-reviewed clinical research. A skilled nursing facility administrator has noticed that patient satisfaction scores are low when compared to the national average. Why should evidence-based practice be used to improve these patient scores? It focuses on the delivery of patient-centered care. A clinical manager at a community health center has asked an intern to develop a pilot study on the effectiveness of two alternative approaches to breast cancer education. The intern wants to measure the knowledge women have about breast cancer before and after the distribution of a brochure or before and after a session with the physician. Which methodology will provide information about the effectiveness of one cancer education method over the other? Evaluating participants' knowledge A researcher wanted to investigate the effects of fast food restaurant availability on the local adult obesity epidemic over a period of five years. The hypothesis is that in a specific zip code the number of fast food establishments is positively associated with the number of obese adults. All fast food locations in a certain zip code have been identified, and physicians have been contacted to provide each patient's de-identified age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Patients will be placed in groups according to their weight and height. Which type of research was conducted? Quantitative cohort study The vice president of nursing at a large hospital is reviewing patient satisfaction scores from a recent survey that asked a series of questions about how patients felt about the care received. Which type of survey methodology was utilized in this study? Quantitative A pharmaceutical company is currently testing a new drug. The physicians in the study do not know if they are prescribing the new drug or a previously used medication. Which type of research methodology is being used? Randomized control trial A chief of medicine is reviewing the current treatment protocol for simple pneumonia patients. New medications are available that might improve patient outcomes and reduce the inpatient stay. The chief of medicine asks an assistant to contact the pharmacist to research possible benefits for these new medications and the impact on the treatment protocol. Which evidence-based practice process step is demonstrated in this situation? Performing the search Recent employee surveys at a local hospital have indicated that the nursing staff, particularly the staff on the third shift, has a much lower-than-average job satisfaction rating. Given the time and cost involved to hire and train replacement nurses, the vice president of nursing has contacted the vice president of human resources to discuss the situation. Which stage of the evidence-based process is this? Recognize the need for information A clinical manager of a hospital's tobacco cessation program is seeking new, effective clinical guidelines. Which source should the manager consult? Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality The chief financial officer has asked an administrator to confirm the incentive payment schedule and amount for eligible professionals who adopt an electronic health record and can demonstrate its meaningful use. Which organization will provide this information? Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology A medical director needs to determine the treatment protocols appropriate to use for Ebola patients. The medical director finds a peer-reviewed article outlining a protocol. Which research approach provides the highest strength of evidence and should be used by this medical director? Case study A doctor needs to develop clinical guidelines for a rare psychiatric disorder. Which evidence is appropriate for this situation? Case reports A hospital informatics analyst has been asked to review case studies for current treatment protocols for congestive heart failure. The analyst finds multiple studies in peer-reviewed journals, as well as other credible sources. The analyst summarizes several articles starting with articles with publication dates from 2008 through 2010. What are two likely issues with the case studies? Choose 2 answers Validity of study method Timeliness of information A skilled nursing facility (SNF) receives a patient satisfaction score of 4.3 out of 5 for patient discharge instructions. The standard average patient satisfaction score is 4.2 out of 5 for SNFs in the market area while the national average is 4.9. Which problem can be determined from this information? The patient satisfaction scores for patient discharge instructions should be higher. A hospital administrator is reviewing an employee attendance report. It appears that 92% of the healthcare workers elected to receive the influenza vaccination. Which problem is presented by the data? Some healthcare workers may become sick and spread influenza to others in the hospital. A hospital administrator using statistical models and evidence-based practice decided that efficiencies were needed to improve operating room utilization. Based on the current usage patterns the administrator closed one operating room on Sunday nights. Which type of statistical data would have helped the administrator come to this decision? Data that show operating room usage variance status A healthcare administrator is aware of the Institute of Medicine's report addressing root causes of negative patient outcomes. Two of the systemic problems identified in the report are staff working conditions and clinical processes. To address these concerns and make improvements, the administrator decided to implement evidence-based decision making practices using statistical data. What are two reasons this administrator used statistics to impact the decision making? Choose 2 answers It allows for quantification of nursing adherence to protocols. It allows for analysis of the research variable "staff satisfaction." A sample includes 70 chronic renal failure patients who were recruited by convenience sampling and then by randomizing approach and were divided into two groups as a case and control. The mean age of the group was 25 years. A score of +/-10.67 points on the Beck's scale correlates to 1 SD. At the end of the study, the rate of patients' depression (case and control groups) was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Chi-squared tests and paired t-tests were conducted to compare the two groups. The t-value was -13.1. The significance level was 0.05 Classify each statistic as inferential or descriptive. 25 Descriptive 0.05 Inferential -13.1 Inferential +/-10.67 Descriptive Hospital records indicate a total of 136 patients were admitted for inpatient treatment of an infectious disease during the past year. The infections and recorded frequencies are listed below. Bacterial infection frequency Bacterial infection frequency Viral infection frequency Intestinal 49 Strep throat 7 Exanthemas 7 TB (respiratory) 9 Septicemia 14 Hepatitis 15 TB (non respiratory) 4 Other bacterial 7 Other viral 24 Which graphic should be used to visually represent these data for publication? Pie chart The following table presents data about the 10 most common principal diagnoses for children in 2012: Rank Principal Diagnosis Stays, n Rate of stays per 100,000 population 1 Pneumonia (except that caused by tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases) 124,900 169.2 2 Acute bronchitis 123,600 167.6 3 Asthma 123,100 166.8 4 Mood disorders 106,600 144.4 5 Appendicitis and other appendiceal conditions 71,900 97.4 6 Epilepsy, convulsions 69,900 94.7 7 Skin and subcutaneous tissue infections 59,300 80.4 8 Fluid and electrolyte disorders 47,600 64.5 9 Maintenance chemotherapy, radiotherapy 41,500 56.3 10 Urinary tract infections 41,200 55.8 Which type of chart should be used to show the different rates per 100,000 for the top three diagnoses: pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma? Bar graph