LETRS Unit 3 Test Questions & Answers Latest 2023

2023 Teachers who take a code-emphasis approach to instruction generally do not discuss the meanings of words being taught. - False The ability to decode a new, previously unknown printed word, in or out of context, depends on - knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences and the ability to blend phonemes and graphemes quickly. The term phonics may be used to refer to - the system of phoneme-grapheme correspondences that are the basis for an alphabetic orthography, an essential component of effective reading instruction and a strategy for decoding new words and storing them in orthographic memory. Which of the following are typical of meaning-emphasis approaches to instruction? - emphasis on reading leveled texts individually and use of context (such as illustrations) to read words in texts Which of the following is typically done as an extended practice activity in phonics lessons? - timed reading of learned words Regularly spelled words - three, day, bird, goose, mouse, maybe, go, have Irregularly spelled words - yacht, love, father, you Why is the letter "x" referred to as an odd letter? - Letter "x" can represent two phonemes. Which word contains a consonant trigraph? - ditch (-tch) Which is an example of a consonant blend? - shr What is the difference between a digraph and a blend? - Blends represent more than one sound; digraphs represent one sound. Which of the following sets includes ONLY consonant blends? - fl, br, nd How many phonemes are in the word "flax"? - 5 How many phonemes are in the word "quick"? - 4 Which pair of words has the same number of phonemes? - tax and flash Which of the following sets includes only words with vowel teams? - slight, drain, snow Which is the most consistent pattern in the way English uses vowel graphemes? - Single letters are used to spell short vowel phonemes. What makes the vowel-r combination difficult for students to learn to read and spell? - The sounds made by the vowel and the "r" overlap and influence each other. Consonant Digraph examples - chimp, girth, wash VCe (Vowel-Consoant-e) examples - broke, flame, site Silent Letter Grapheme examples - bomb, knee, knight Vowel Team examples - knee, sail, knight Vowel-r examples - girth, star, fur Consonant Blend examples - broke, chimp, flame, star Floss Rule Words - loss, stuff, full, fizz Non-floss rule words - gift, gas, his, gel Complete this sentence: A complex syllable is a syllable that contains a - consonant blend Complete this sentence: Vowel teams in English can have up to letters. - Four Which group of words include only words that have consonant digraphs, and no words with blends? - father, shin, reach, rough, phone, bang Which set of words illustrates both the Floss Rule and the "-ck" Rule? - slick, kiss, cuff Roughly half of all words in English can be spelled correctly based on established sound-symbol correspondences. - True When students are "graduating" to the next Ehri's phases, their approach to reading will be qualitatively different than the previous phase. - True Students with solid phonics skills tend to recognize sight words more quickly, regardless of how regular the words' spelling are. - True Kasey has solid phonemic awareness and knows all 26 letters. Her phonetic spellings of speech sounds are logical, but she is just learning to spell words. Which phase best describes her? - Later Alphabetic Which is the best way to assess students' ability to recognize real words in print? - Have students do timed and untimed readings of graded word lists; sight words should be recognized within one second. Which of the following should be a major instructional focus for students at the consolidated alphabetic phase? - Have students decode two- and three-syllable words and learn to plan before writing, and compose according to the plan. Which grouping of letters best supports instruction in letter formation and why? - Group all letters that begin with a downstroke (b, n) together Which is the most effective order of instruction for teaching a new letter formation? - Skywrite with wide arm motions; write as teacher describes; practice Which of the following letter-sound correspondences should be taught early on? - m,s,t,a Which of the following letter names and corresponding sounds are easiest to learn and why? - "d", "j", "p", "z", because their corresponding sounds come first in the letter names When and how should letter names be taught? - Teach one new letter every 1-2 days. Which key word is the best example of the short "e" sound-symbol correspondence? - echo Short a Key Word - astronaut Short e Key Word - Edge Short i Key Word - it Short o Key Word - October Short u Key Word - Uptown Words you shouldn't use as short vowel key words - Under, east, elevator, Alaska, in, ice, ambulance, earth, on, order, urban Instead of having students move their hands like a snake for the sound /s/, the teacher could ask students to point to a picture of a snake. - True Why did the teacher have students scrape with their hands when they heard the sound /k/ in a word? - to help students pay attention to how they scrape their tongues when making the sound /k/ Why didn't the teacher use "ship" as a key word instead of "snake"? - She is not teaching the digraph "sh" and the first sound in "ship" is /sh/ not /s/. "Thud" has three phonemes. With which phonemes might a Spanish-speaking EL have difficulty? - All the phonemes (unvoiced /th/ spelled 'th", /u/ spelled "u", and /d/ spelled "d") could cause difficulty. After blending activities are introduced, these activities need to be modeled only once or twice a week. - False. These activities should be modeled daily. Which set of words would work well for introducing blending routines? - group 1: kit, sad, map and group 2: fad, pop, bed. All CVC words. Knowledge of letter names in kindergarten is an excellent predictor of later reading success. - True Students should establish a habit of trying to blend all the sounds in a word before they "adjust" or "flex" the pronunciation to make a real word. - True Which activities are recommended to help students develop visual-motor skills before they learn to form letters? - tracing and drawing geometric shapes, drawing circles and lines on sandpaper, skywriting in the air with large movements When teaching letter formation, which strategy can be used to group letters together for instruction? - Group letters with similar overall shapes and/or first strokes. Which guidelines should teachers follow when choosing key words for sound-spelling cards? - avoid words in which nasalization affects the way a vowel is pronounced such as angry for short a, avoid words in which a consonant appears as part of a blend, such as stop for /s/, and avoid words with phonemes that sound like letter names, like empty (m-t). When using word lists, teachers should always call on individual students to read the words. - False In the exercise shown, why was a "ringer" word included in the first list? - To help students distinguish among vowels in CVC words CVC word examples - chip, shack, fish, net CCVC word examples - trash, thrash, blip, stop CVCC word examples - champ, rags, camp CCVCC word examples - flips, shrimp, brand Which word chain would be the easiest one for students just beginning to learn word chaining? - pop, cop, mop, top, hop Word chains using minimally contrasting pairs can be done as a teacher-led activity, group work, or an independent practice activity. - False Which chain shows a progression of minimally contrasting pairs? - bud, bug, bag, big, pig, pug What reading skill is developed by working with word families? - the ability to process "chunks" of words (common rimes) Which group of words below is a word family? - cane, pane, lane, mane, Shane Choose the word that works best with this sample word chain: chat, , map, gap. - mat Choose the word that works best with this sample word chain: mop, , ship, lip - shop Which of the following word chains is NOT appropriate for instruction? - met, pen, hen, bun, ton Which of the following word chains IS appropriate for instruction? - top, mop, map, tap, tip Word chain activities should use real words only. - False Open sort activities are most appropriate for advanced students who already know how to look for an orthographic pattern. - True About how many words should be used within a lesson to provide practice with a give sound-symbol correspondence? - 15-30 Which activities provide direct practice working with word meaning? - word webs and word classification Which activity is best for helping students distinguish between easily confused speech sounds such a /k/ and /g/? - word chain using minimally contrasting pairs Nearly all high-frequency words in English are irregular. - False Good instruction primarily emphasizes teaching irregular high-frequency words. - False Pattern words that are easy to read are also easy for students to spell. - False Sentence dictation routines should include reminders about basic writing conventions (capitalization and end punctuation). - True Which is the best definition of the term sight words? - any words a reader can recognize instantly and read How often should teachers introduce students to new irregular, high-frequency words? - three to five times per week Which text type includes phrases repeated frequently with only one or two words that change? - Predictable Which text type includes words often seen in text, regardless of what patterns have been taught? - high-frequency Which text type mainly includes words that follow patterns previously taught in phonics lessons? - Decodable Which text type does NOT support weak readers' skills even though students are often assigned it based on tests? - Leveled Asking questions during reading is not recommended, because this is can distract students. - False Leveled texts are ranked on objective readability criteria, gradually becoming more difficult as students progress through the levels. - False If a teacher follows a systematic process for transferring phonics skills to text, it's reasonable to expect students to read a decodable passage independently after a week of instruction. - True A school library has available a series of lavishly illustrated predictable texts written in verse. What are the most appropriate ways to use these in the classroom? - Use them as teacher read-alouds to enhance oral language and comprehension skills. Students are reading a decodable text that uses only pattern words or high-frequency words students have been taught. What level of reading accuracy is reasonable to expect? - 95% Over the course of a week of phonics instruction, which step in the Transfer to Text Process is the first that can be phased out? - Practice reading skills words in isolation before reading them in a passage.