SOCS¬¬_185 _FINAL EXAM WEEK 8 100%

(TCO 8) is the incidence of childbearing in a country’s population, while refers to maximum possible childbearing. Fertility; fecundity Active fertility; childbearing potential Birth rate; population growth Fertility; childbearing potential Fecundity; fertility Chapter 15 (TCO 8) According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies were built on , modern urban societies are held together by . likeness; difference difference; likeness money; morals trust; duct tape choice; conformity Chapter 15 (TCO 3) A riot differs from a mob in that the riot is not usually violent. typically has little focus or clear goal. involves fewer people. is very rare in U.S. history. is often expressed in a different language Chapter 16 (TCO 3) Durkheim’s is similar to Tennies’ . mechanical solidarity; Gesellschaft organic solidarity; Gesellschaft Countach; Boxter social solidarity; Gemeinschaft organic solidarity; Gemeinschaft Chapter 15 (TCO 8) Which English economist and clergyman warned that rapid population increase would lead to social chaos? Fredrick Engles Thomas Robert Malthus Les Ismore Paul Ehrlich Ralph Nader Chapter 15 (TCO 3) David Riesman believes that pre-industrial societies promote , while modern societies promote . collective ego; social ego other-directedness; traditional-directedness traditional-directedness; other-directedness social character; collective character family values; Manson family values Chapter 16 (TCO 3) Which term is used to refer to the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel? Relative deprivation theory Resource deprivation theory Relative mobilization theory Resource mobilization theory Resource relativity theory Chapter 16 (TCO 8) Medical science can keep a person’s body alive, on machines, long after their vital organs have failed. However, there is no agreement among religious and ethical leaders about how to decide when to unplug those machines. This example illustrates . Material culture Nonmaterial culture Cultural relativity Culture shock Culture lag Chapter 16 Question 9 5 / 5 pts (TCO 3) David Riesman described other-directed social character as which of the following? Openness to the latest trends and fashions Rigid conformity to established ways of life Being highly individualistic Helping others before helping yourself Unique Chapter 16 (TCO 8) Which type of social movement seeks radical change in all of society? Alternative social movements Redemptive social movements Reformative social movements Revolutionary social movements Reactionary social movements Chapter 16 (TCOs 1, 2, 3, and 4) Explain the steps in the process of carrying out sociological investigation. What specific questions must be answered as a researcher moves through their investigation? Your Answer: 1. Identification of area of interest. The area of interest refers to the whole situation where one identifies a probable need for research and problem solving. It does not include specific issues that are required in the whole research context. 2. This is the second step of the sociological research process that involves the preliminary gathering of information on the issue that has not been observed before. Information about the issue can be obtained from the internet, professional journals, student’s research work and any other academic works. 3. Problem identification. This refers to as a precise and clear statement about the question or issue that the researcher is investigating with the main objective of providing an answer to the question. 4. Theoretical framework. This step of sociological process attempts to integrate all the relevant information in a given logical manner to make it possible for the problem to be fully conceptualized and be tested. This step is necessary as it examines the contribution in explaining why the study problem occurs and shows how it can be resolved. 5. Hypotheses/ research questions. This step involves formulating the research questions or hypotheses. This step involves formulation of hypothesis that the research seeks to refute or uphold. It also formulates the specific research questions that will aid in the whole research process. 6. Research design. This is a step in the sociological research process that shows and spells out the procedure for the collection of data with the guided assistance of the formulated hypotheses and research questions. This step requires that the researcher clearly tells if he/she will conduct an experiment or conduct a survey. 7. Data collection. This step involves the actual collection of data in the field after a research design has been identified. The collection techniques will be dictated by the used research design. It can be observation, measuring or interviewing. 8. Hypothesis testing. When the actual and needed data has been collected, it is processed and analyzed. The analyzed and processed data is used to test the formulated hypothesis. The researched questions are also answered in this step. 9. Report writing. This is the last step in the sociological research process. This step includes the information from each of the steps in the research process. The report contains the findings that was concluded from the research process. This report will be used in making recommendations for the solution of the problem that was in focus. (TCOs 3 and 8) You have been asked by a committee of student success coaches to investigate why the rate at which freshman students post to their course threaded discussions is lower than the rate for other groups of students. Explain how the symbolic-interactionist perspective would analyze and explain the low posting rate. (In other words, consider the contributing factors that the symbolic- interactionist perspective would focus on in trying to explain the reasons for the low rate of students posting to their threads.) Then discuss a solution that an interactionist might use to encourage freshman students to post. Your Answer: The interactionist perspective looks at the everyday interaction among students and between students and teachers. Symbols such as the cap and gown, diploma, prom, and school mascots all play an important role. Interactionists point out that the labeling of children may limit their opportunities to break away from expected roles. For example, interactionists have studied how teachers' expectations about students' performance may impact their actual achievements through a self-fulfilling prophecy. Interactionists study how we use and interpret symbols not only to communicate with each other, but also to create and maintain impressions of ourselves, to create a sense of self, and to create and sustain what we experience as the reality of a social situation. They may do away with labeling, because this will place all students on equal ground. The problem must also be addressed and inform students that it is ok to make any mistake when posting, we are all here to learn and nobody should be looked down upon. Also, cooperation and teamwork supports learning evaluation and feedback, in addition collaborating will be suggested because instruction is learned centered rather than teacher centered, this can facilitate peer interaction and cooperation as well. (TCOs 6 and 7) Contrast mass-society theory with class-society theory and give a criticism of each. Your Answer: The mass society theory represents a complex and multifaceted perspective. It is applied to social movements with the basic idea being that people that are socially isolated are highly vulnerable to all the appeals of the extremist movements. The criticism of the mass society theory is that the media had increased effect on masses, and there were also bad effects, but the issue is why the theory singled it out as a culprit and yet other theories are also not able to account for the diverse mass media effects Class society theory represents the center of the Marx's social theory. It shows that social classes formed in a certain mode of production that results in the establishment of certain forms of state and political conflicts that increase main changes in the structure of the society. The criticism of the class society theory is that the Marxian class theory indicates that people's position in a class hierarchy is tied to their roles in the process of production and shows that ideological and political consciousness is because of class position. Question 14 40 / 40 pts (TCOs 3, 4, and 6) Identify and describe the three leadership styles. Provide examples of these styles in society. Your Answer: 1. Instrumental leadership basically focuses on achieving goals whereby leaders who are dominantly instrumental work to maintain productivity and consequently ensure that tasks are completed. Essentially, they make good managers because they have get the job done 2. The other type of leadership is the expressive leadership that mainly focuses on the maintenance of group cohesion. Leaders who are dominantly expressive in turn work for them to be able to maintain friendly and warm relationships and consequently ensure the collective well-being of the whole group. Essentially, they make very good bosses because they truly care for their employees 3. Authoritarian leadership are the type of leaders who make all the major group decisions and demand for compliance from the various group members. The authoritarian leaders typically make decisions on their own and tell the rest of the group members