EMT JB Learning Exam 7 Review 2022/2023 Questions with correct Answers

Routine checks of EMS vehicles should routinely include - ANSWER-checking brakes, tires, and emergency lights. Hypo means __________ whereas Hyper means ___________. - ANSWER-low, high Maximum dose of epinephrine for an adult from an Epipen is - ANSWER-0.9mg CHF (congestive heart failure) - ANSWER-caused by myocardial infarction, heart damage, chronic high blood pressure (HYPERtension). Nitroglycerin helps treat chest pain by increasing blood flow by - ANSWER-dilating the coronary arteries. EpiPens should be used on patients showing signs of allergic reaction. This may include__ - ANSWER-rash, dyspnea, recent wasp or bee sting, What are the three layers of the heart? - ANSWER-epicardium, myocardium, endocardium The Pulmonary Veins carry - ANSWER-oxygenated blood to the heart The Rule of Nines - ANSWER-A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area. You have the three burn victims below, how should you handle the situation? 1 - superficial burns to the back and legs 2 - burns to the face and hands 3 - partial and full thickness burns to 60% of the body and in full cardiac arrest. - ANSWER-Begin CPR on the arrest, call for more ambulances, cool the burns on the other patients Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWER-characterized by Kussmaul respirations (deep and fast) and sweet and acetone smelling breath signs and symptoms of shock - ANSWER-Moist, pale, cold, clammy skin Weak rapid pulse, increasing shallow respiration decreased blood pressure Urinary retention and fecal incontinence Irritability or excitement, and potentially thirst Alupent - ANSWER-a bronchodilator (trade name Alupent) used to treat asthma and emphysema and other lung conditions The first step of patient assessment on EVERY patient is - ANSWER-determine if the patient is responsive. Contraindication - ANSWER-A reason why something is not advisable or why it should not be done. Cardiac Dysrhythmias (Arrhythmias) - ANSWER-Rhythm disturbances of the heart; often can lead to cardiopulmonary arrest. When examining the abdomen of a Pt. with bruising to the LUQ you should be sure to - ANSWER-palpate all four quadrants of the abdomen. Nitroglycerin - ANSWER-can cause headache, bitter taste, and relaxation of coronary (heart) muscle. Blood enters the right atrium from the: - ANSWER-vena cava After performing CPR on a Pt, a pulse is palpated. What should you do next? - ANSWER-Assess the airway. You find a Pt. unconscious: what is your first step? - ANSWER-determine the LOC (level of consciousness) Indications for use of a medication include - ANSWER-the patient has signs and symptoms that are listed in the protocol for use of the medication. Accidents involving ambulances usually happen - ANSWER-when the ambulance is proceeding through an intersection with emergency lights and sirens on. ischemic - ANSWER-pertaining to the lack of blood supply to tissue brand name is the same as - ANSWER-trade name Two of the most important treatments you can give to a Pt. with an allergic reaction: - ANSWER-oxygen and epinephrine Activated Charcoal - ANSWER-An oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses. Risk factors of myocardial Infarction (heart attack) - ANSWER-hypertension, stress, smoking, Heat Emergencies - ANSWER-can make underlying health conditions worse. The liver - ANSWER-would produce severe internal bleeding if lacerated or punctured Signs and Symptoms of hypothermia include - ANSWER-cool and clammy skin, slowed or depressed respirations, rule of nines - ANSWER-A system that assigns percentages to sections of the body, allowing calculation of the amount of skin surface involved in the burn area. Hyperpnea - ANSWER-increase in depth and rate of breathing, often associated with DKA. A focused physical exam is done on a specific part of the body and a detailed physical exam is - ANSWER-A full body survey The layers of the skin in order from outermost to deepest: - ANSWER-epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous The left ventricle pumps blood to the - ANSWER-aorta An adult pt. who is alert and oriented with chest pain and stable vital signs may be given - ANSWER-nitroglycerin A pt. who has been electrocuted and is unconscious shoule be managed by - ANSWER-checking and monitoring ABC's and vitals (especially pulse), give oxygen. Dilation of the coronary arteries ____ blood flow. - ANSWER-increases The spleen is located in the - ANSWER-LUQ Treatment of a second-degree burn should include - ANSWER-place a moist sterile dressing or cloth over the burn, oxygen, and transport An adolescent female is complaining of abdominal cramping, nausea, and cool clammy skin. Her family states that she ate some poisonous food. Interventions should include: - ANSWER-oxygen, position of comfort on stretcher, transport. Safe emergency driving begins with - ANSWER-checking the vehicle. An apniec patient should be treated with - ANSWER-ventilation with a BVM and oxygen, transport Treatment for a Pt. with suspected internal bleeding includes: - ANSWER-high-flow oxygen, monitor vital signs side effects - ANSWER-reactions to medicine other than the one intended Lack of insulin in the blood causes body cells to not be able to take in sugar. This is known as: - ANSWER-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) partial thickness burn - ANSWER-a burn involving the epidermis and dermis that usually involves blisters; commonly called a second-degree burn interventions for heat cramps include: - ANSWER-remove the Pt. from the source of heat, oxygen, small sips of water, position of comfort. Removing wet clothing and covering with a blanket are the interventions for - ANSWER-hypothermia The action of a drug - ANSWER-what the drug is supposed to do. full thickness burn - ANSWER-a burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. Also called a third-degree burn. Sublingual - ANSWER-the fastest way to absorb a chemical substance or medication. partial thickness burn - ANSWER-a burn involving the epidermis and dermis that usually involves blisters; commonly called a second-degree burn Non-rebreather masks can provide up to - ANSWER-95% inspired (breathed in) oxygen Pedal edema, water retention and swelling in the lower legs and feet, is a sign of - ANSWER-congestive heart failure Angina may be associated with - ANSWER-nausea, diaphoresis (sweating), and shortness of breath A Pt. with bruising to both upper quadrants of the abdomen should receive - ANSWER-a detailed physical exam A medication used to treat an asthma attack may be - ANSWER-2.5mg of Proventil via nebulizer Atherosclerosis - ANSWER-hardening and potential occlusion of the arteries. Epinephrine can be used as an - ANSWER-antihistamine An EpiPen can be used - ANSWER-anywhere a shot would be given. Rapid extrication should be used for a person who - ANSWER-is not breathing Heat Cramps - ANSWER-muscle spasms that result from a loss of large amounts of salt and water through perspiration A pt with acute respiratory compromise might present with - ANSWER-diminished LOC and shallow breathing at a rate of 12bpm.