Summary Nursing assignment - hyperthermia nursing care plan

Summary Nursing assignment - hyperthermia nursing care planHyperthermia is defined as elevated body temperature due to a break in thermoregulation that arises when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. It is a sustained core temperature beyond the normal variance, usually greater than 39 °C (102.2 °F). Such elevations range from mild to extreme; body temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) can be life-threatening. What’s the difference between hyperthermia and fever? Hyperthermia is characterized by an uncontrolled increase in body temperature that exceeds the body’s ability to lose heat with failure in hypothalamic thermoregulation. In contrast, fever (pyrexia) is characterized by a temporary elevation of body temperature above the normal value that is induced by cytokine activation (e.g., immune activation due to infection, inflammatory diseases) and is regulated by the hypothalamus. Common causes of hyperthermia result from the combined effects of activity and salt and water deprivation in a hot environment, such as when athletes perform in scorching weather or when older adults avoid using air conditioning because of expense. Hyperthermia may transpire more quickly in persons who have endocrine-related problems, alcohol consumption, or take diuretics, anticholinergics, or phototoxic agents. Common forms of accidental hyperthermia include heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and heat cramps. Malignant hyperthermia is a rare reaction to common anesthetic agents such as halothane or the paralytic agent succinylcholine. Those who have this reaction, which is potentially fatal, have a genetic predisposition. Certain individuals, such as the elderly, infants and young children, the obese, outdoor workers, and those with chronic medical conditions, are at increased risk for developing a heat-related illness. A thorough assessment of preoperative patients is necessary for prevention. Causes of Hyperthermia Here are some factors that may be related to Hyperthermia: ● Anesthesia ● Prolonged exposure to hot environment ● Illness or trauma ● Inability to sweat ● Increased metabolic rate ● Medications ● Vigorous activity Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthermia Hyperthermia is characterized by the following signs and symptoms: ● Body temperature above the normal range ● Hot, flushed skin ● Increased heart rate ● Increased respiratory rate ● Loss of appetite ● Malaise or weakness ● Seizures Goals and Outcomes The following are the common goals and expected outcomes for Hyperthermia: ● Patient maintains body temperature below 39° C (102.2° F). ● Patient maintains BP and HR within normal limits. Nursing Assessment and Rationales for Hyperthermia Assessment is necessary to identify potential problems that may have led to hyperthermia and name any episode during nursing care. 1. Assess for signs of hyperthermia. Assess for hyperthermia signs and symptoms, including flushed face, weakness, rash, respiratory distress, tachycardia, malaise, headache, and irritability. Monitor for reports of sweating, hot and dry skin, or being too warm. 2. Assess for signs of dehydration as a result of hyperthermia. Look for signs of dehydration, including thirst, furrowed tongue, dry lips, dry oral membranes, poor skin turgor, decreased urine output, increased concentration of urine, and weak, fast pulse. 3. Monitor the patient’s heart rate and blood pressure.