NCLEX Pediatrics questions And Answers 2022/2023

Which of the following is the most appropriate location for assessing the pulse of an infant who is less than 1 year old? - Answer- 1. Radial 2. Carotid *3. Brachial* 4. Popliteal *Rationale:* To assess a pulse in an infant (i.e., a child 1 year old), the pulse is checked at the brachial artery. The infant's relatively short, fat neck makes palpation of the carotid artery difficult. The popliteal and radial pulses are also difficult to palpate in an infant. A nurse is teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation to a group of nursing students. The nurse asks a student to describe the reason why blind finger sweeps are avoided in infants. The nurse determines that the student understands the reason if the student makes which statement? - Answer- 1. "The object may have been swallowed." 2. "The infant may bite down on the finger" 3. "The mouth is too small to see the object." *4. "The object may be forced back further into the throat."* *Rationale:* Blind finger sweeps are not recommended for infants and children because of the risk of forcing the object further down into the airway. Options 1, 2, and 3 are not related directly to the subject of the question. A nurse is collecting data about a child who has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of seizures. The nurse checks for causes of the seizure activity by: - Answer- 1. Testing the child's urine for specific gravity 2. Asking the child what happens during a seizure 3. Obtaining a family history of psychiatric illness *4. Obtaining a history regarding factors that may occur before the seizure activity* *Rationale:* Fever and infections increase the body's metabolic rate. This can cause seizure activity among children who are less than 5-years-old. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance can also contribute to the occurrence of a seizure. Falls can cause head injuries, which would increase intracranial pressure or cerebral edema. Some medications could cause seizures. Specific gravity would not be a reliable test, because it varies, depending on the existing condition. Psychiatric illness has no impact on seizure occurrence or cause. Children do not remember what happened during the seizure itself. A child has a basilar skull fracture. Which of the following health care provider's prescriptions should the nurse question? - Answer- 1. Restrict fluid intake. 2. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter. 3. Keep an intravenous (IV) line patent. *4. Suction via the nasotracheal route as needed.* *Rationale:* Nasotracheal suctioning is contraindicated in a child with a basilar skull fracture. Because of the location of the injury, the suction catheter may be introduced into the brain. Fluids are restricted to prevent fluid overload. The child may require a urinary catheter for the accurate monitoring of intake and output. An IV line is maintained to administer fluids or medications, if necessary. Which of the following represents a primary characteristic of autism? - Answer- 1. Normal social play 2. Consistent imitation of others' actions *3. Lack of social interaction and awareness* 4. Normal verbal and nonverbal communication *Rationale:* Autism is a severe form of an autism spectrum disorder. A primary characteristic is a lack of social interaction and awareness. Social behaviors in autism include a lack of or an abnormal imitation of others' actions and a lack of or abnormal social play. Additional characteristics include a lack of or impaired verbal communication and markedly abnormal nonverbal communication. A nurse is assisting with data collection from an infant who has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. If the infant's level of consciousness diminishes, a priority intervention is: - Answer- 1. Taking the apical pulse 2. Taking the blood pressure 3. Testing the urine for protein *4. Palpating the anterior fontanel* *Rationale:* A full or bulging anterior fontanel indicates an increase in cerebrospinal fluid collection i