PATHO 370 >PATHOLOGY TEST 2 FINAL
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
Question 1
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?
Selected Answer: c. The vena cava
Correct Answer: c. The vena cava
Response The vena cava has the most rapid rate of flow. Arterioles don’t offer
Feedback: the most rapid blood flow. Capillaries are composed of a single
thickness of endothelial cells attached to a protein network called the
basement membrane and don’t offer the most rapid blood flow. A
venule begins where the arteriole ends and doesn’t offer the most
rapid blood flow.
Question 2
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of
Selected Answer: b. intrinsic factor.
Correct Answer: b. intrinsic
factor.
Response The fundamental defect causing pernicious anemia is the lack of
Feedback: intrinsic factor. Without it, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed. Iron
deficiency does not lead to pernicious anemia. Rather, it is the
most common cause of anemia and is the result of unavailability of
iron for hemoglobin synthesis. Pernicious anemia and folate
deficiency are similar in etiology. Both are caused by a disruption
in DNA synthesis of blast cells in bone marrow. Erythropoietin is
necessary for the production of red cells.
Question 3
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin
lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal
cord.
, PATHO 370 >PATHOLOGY TEST 2 FINAL
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
Selected Answer: a. True
Correct Answer: a. True
Response Compression of the spinal cord is one of the two most serious
Feedback: oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin
lymphoma.
Question 4
0 out of 0.125 points
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells
is Selected Answer: d. Bruton agammaglobulinemia.
Correct Answer: c. selective IgA.
Response The most common B-cell primary immunodeficiency disorder is
Feedback: selective IgA deficiency. This disorder affects 1:2000 persons.
DiGeorge is a T-cell primary immune deficiency. Bruton
agammaglobulinemia is not the most common primary immune
deficiency affecting B cells; frequency of disease is 1:250,000 males.
Females are carriers. Wiskott–Aldrich affects both T cells and B cells.
Question 5
0.125 out of 0.125 points
The effects of histamine release include
Selected Answer: c. increased vascular
permeability. Correct Answer: c. increased
vascular permeability.
Response Histamine release leads to increased vascular permeability, which
Feedback: fosters fluid movement out of capillaries and into tissues leading to
the edema common in type I hypersensitivity. Histamine leads to
bronchoconstriction, increased gut permeability, and vasodilation
(not vasoconstriction).
Question 6
0.125 out of 0.125 points
, PATHO 370 >PATHOLOGY TEST 2 FINAL
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include
Selected Answer: d. hyperlipidemia.
Correct Answer: d. hyperlipidemia.
Response Hyperlipidemia is a modifiable risk factor associated with
Feedback: atherosclerosis. Men have a higher incidence of atherosclerosis
earlier in life than women. A high-protein diet is not associated with
atherosclerosis. Dietary fats do play a role as a modifiable risk
factor. A low-fiber diet is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Question 7
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
Selected Answer: c. develop recurrent infections.
Correct Answer: c. develop recurrent infections.
Response The first clinical indicators of immunodeficiency disorders are the
Feedback: signs and symptoms of infection, and the disorders are often first
suspected when an individual has severe recurrent, unusual, or
unmanageable infections. High fevers can occur in patients who have
an intact immune system. Because of the immune deficiency,
patients with immunodeficiency disorders may not demonstrate
expected WBC counts with infection. Infections in patients with
immunodeficiency disorders can occur anywhere in the body.
Question 8
0.125 out of 0.125 points
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in
Selected Answer: c. fibrinolysis.
Correct Answer: c. fibrinolysis.
Response Fibrinolysis is the process of clot dissolution and occurs when
Feedback: plasminogen activators cleave plasminogen to plasmin. Clot
retraction occurs when the components of the fibrin clot are
compressed or contracted to form a clot. Factors released from
, PATHO 370 >PATHOLOGY TEST 2 FINAL
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
platelets contribute to hemostasis by enhancing vasoconstriction,
platelet aggregation, and vessel repair. Platelet aggregation is not the
result of plasmin conversion. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form a
fibrin clot.
Question 9
0 out of 0.125 points
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
Selected Answer: a. platelet factors.
Correct Answer: b. tissue thromboplastin.
Response The extrinsic pathway of coagulation begins when the vascular wall
Feedback: is traumatized. Tissue factor from injured tissue activates factors
which in turn activate and convert into thrombin for clotting.
Platelets play a major role in primary hemostasis as well as
secondary hemostasis and clot retraction. Platelets accelerate the
conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Platelets adhere to collagen
exposed by trauma and initiate degranulation. Factor VII is involved
in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation when it is activated by tissue
factor following a traumatic injury.
Question 10
0.125 out of 0.125 points
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
Selected Answer: c. aspirin.
Correct Answer: c. aspirin.
Response Many drugs are associated with prolonged bleeding times. Aspirin is
Feedback: known to alter normal platelet function. Acetaminophen is not
associated with prolongation of bleeding time. Tobacco does not
interfere with bleeding times. Caffeine does not interfere with
bleeding times.
Question 11
0.125 out of 0.125 points
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
Question 1
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?
Selected Answer: c. The vena cava
Correct Answer: c. The vena cava
Response The vena cava has the most rapid rate of flow. Arterioles don’t offer
Feedback: the most rapid blood flow. Capillaries are composed of a single
thickness of endothelial cells attached to a protein network called the
basement membrane and don’t offer the most rapid blood flow. A
venule begins where the arteriole ends and doesn’t offer the most
rapid blood flow.
Question 2
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of
Selected Answer: b. intrinsic factor.
Correct Answer: b. intrinsic
factor.
Response The fundamental defect causing pernicious anemia is the lack of
Feedback: intrinsic factor. Without it, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed. Iron
deficiency does not lead to pernicious anemia. Rather, it is the
most common cause of anemia and is the result of unavailability of
iron for hemoglobin synthesis. Pernicious anemia and folate
deficiency are similar in etiology. Both are caused by a disruption
in DNA synthesis of blast cells in bone marrow. Erythropoietin is
necessary for the production of red cells.
Question 3
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin
lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal
cord.
, PATHO 370 >PATHOLOGY TEST 2 FINAL
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
Selected Answer: a. True
Correct Answer: a. True
Response Compression of the spinal cord is one of the two most serious
Feedback: oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin
lymphoma.
Question 4
0 out of 0.125 points
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells
is Selected Answer: d. Bruton agammaglobulinemia.
Correct Answer: c. selective IgA.
Response The most common B-cell primary immunodeficiency disorder is
Feedback: selective IgA deficiency. This disorder affects 1:2000 persons.
DiGeorge is a T-cell primary immune deficiency. Bruton
agammaglobulinemia is not the most common primary immune
deficiency affecting B cells; frequency of disease is 1:250,000 males.
Females are carriers. Wiskott–Aldrich affects both T cells and B cells.
Question 5
0.125 out of 0.125 points
The effects of histamine release include
Selected Answer: c. increased vascular
permeability. Correct Answer: c. increased
vascular permeability.
Response Histamine release leads to increased vascular permeability, which
Feedback: fosters fluid movement out of capillaries and into tissues leading to
the edema common in type I hypersensitivity. Histamine leads to
bronchoconstriction, increased gut permeability, and vasodilation
(not vasoconstriction).
Question 6
0.125 out of 0.125 points
, PATHO 370 >PATHOLOGY TEST 2 FINAL
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include
Selected Answer: d. hyperlipidemia.
Correct Answer: d. hyperlipidemia.
Response Hyperlipidemia is a modifiable risk factor associated with
Feedback: atherosclerosis. Men have a higher incidence of atherosclerosis
earlier in life than women. A high-protein diet is not associated with
atherosclerosis. Dietary fats do play a role as a modifiable risk
factor. A low-fiber diet is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Question 7
0.125 out of 0.125 points
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
Selected Answer: c. develop recurrent infections.
Correct Answer: c. develop recurrent infections.
Response The first clinical indicators of immunodeficiency disorders are the
Feedback: signs and symptoms of infection, and the disorders are often first
suspected when an individual has severe recurrent, unusual, or
unmanageable infections. High fevers can occur in patients who have
an intact immune system. Because of the immune deficiency,
patients with immunodeficiency disorders may not demonstrate
expected WBC counts with infection. Infections in patients with
immunodeficiency disorders can occur anywhere in the body.
Question 8
0.125 out of 0.125 points
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in
Selected Answer: c. fibrinolysis.
Correct Answer: c. fibrinolysis.
Response Fibrinolysis is the process of clot dissolution and occurs when
Feedback: plasminogen activators cleave plasminogen to plasmin. Clot
retraction occurs when the components of the fibrin clot are
compressed or contracted to form a clot. Factors released from
, PATHO 370 >PATHOLOGY TEST 2 FINAL
EXAM SOLUTION MATERIAL.
platelets contribute to hemostasis by enhancing vasoconstriction,
platelet aggregation, and vessel repair. Platelet aggregation is not the
result of plasmin conversion. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form a
fibrin clot.
Question 9
0 out of 0.125 points
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
Selected Answer: a. platelet factors.
Correct Answer: b. tissue thromboplastin.
Response The extrinsic pathway of coagulation begins when the vascular wall
Feedback: is traumatized. Tissue factor from injured tissue activates factors
which in turn activate and convert into thrombin for clotting.
Platelets play a major role in primary hemostasis as well as
secondary hemostasis and clot retraction. Platelets accelerate the
conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Platelets adhere to collagen
exposed by trauma and initiate degranulation. Factor VII is involved
in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation when it is activated by tissue
factor following a traumatic injury.
Question 10
0.125 out of 0.125 points
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
Selected Answer: c. aspirin.
Correct Answer: c. aspirin.
Response Many drugs are associated with prolonged bleeding times. Aspirin is
Feedback: known to alter normal platelet function. Acetaminophen is not
associated with prolongation of bleeding time. Tobacco does not
interfere with bleeding times. Caffeine does not interfere with
bleeding times.
Question 11
0.125 out of 0.125 points
