WGU Biochem Study Guide 2022/2023

Enzymes have an ________ ________ which serves as the binding platform for its specific substrates and acts as the site of the chemical reaction. - Answer-Active Site A molecule similar in structure to a substrate that can bind to an enzymes active site even though the molecule is unable to react; can be overcome by adding additional substrate; Ifs there's too much substrate and not enough inhibition, the substrate will win. - Answer-Competitive Inhibitor Binds to the allosteric site (away from the active site); Changes shape of protein and therefore changes to active site, causing the substrate to not be able to fit into the enzyme. - Answer-Non competitive Inhibition Know that once the end product builds up, it will bind to the allosteric site on the first enzyme and stop the pathway! It binds to the enzyme, slowing the product. - Answer-Feedback inhibition (non-competitive) Question with pictures of amino acids where you pick out the non polar one: - Answer-Contains carbons and hydrogens (CH, CH2, CH3); weak interactions that tend to go in the middle of the protein (aggregation); AFFECTED BY TEMP CHANGES Speed up reactions and use less energy; Increase rate of reaction and decrease activation energy; can do same reaction over and over; only act on specific substrates; binds via active site; high degree of specificity (only catalyze one type of reaction and most act on one substrate; molecules that are different in shape or function bind to enzyme and enzyme plus substrate are complementary (like a lock and key) - Answer- It's an amino acid; Look for R group; It is also a hydrophobic amino a ode that has CH3; its a weak interaction; for ionized, look for the one with the + or - charge - Answer-Ionized Alanine Caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular plaques (senior plaques) causes by abnormal protein aggregation; Tau is fibrous material inside cells, with this the connection a are lost; This becomes defective and form filaments in the neuron; Amyloid beta is a large precursor protein in the cell; excess amyloid beta is clearly linked to Alzheimer's, creating senile plaques; starts in hippocampus and moves up - Answer-Misfolding of protein structure in Alzheimer's Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease. The formation of aggregated amyloid beta fibers is another characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected before amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain - Answer-Neurodegenerative protein aggregation