PARTICIPATION AND ACCESSORY AFTER THE
FACT
1. Participants
Perpetrators
Accomplices
2. Non participants
Accessories after the
fact
What is a participant?
• Anyone who FURTHERS the
commission of the crime.
• A non-participant does not further
the commission of the crime e.g..
accessory after the fact (we will
touch on this later)
Perpetrator
A person is a perpetrator if
1) his conduct, the circumstances in
which it takes place and the culpability
with which it is carried out are such that
he satisfies all the requirements for
, liability contained in the definition of the
offence;
OR
2) if, although his own conduct does not
comply with that required in the
definition of the crime, he acted
together with one or more persons and
the conduct required for a conviction is
imputed to him by virtue of the
principles relating to the doctrine of
common purpose.
Difference between
direct/ indirect
perpetrator
Irrelevant for purposes of
determining liability
• Direct: own hands to
commit a crime.
• Indirect: uses someone
else to commit a crime.
FACT
1. Participants
Perpetrators
Accomplices
2. Non participants
Accessories after the
fact
What is a participant?
• Anyone who FURTHERS the
commission of the crime.
• A non-participant does not further
the commission of the crime e.g..
accessory after the fact (we will
touch on this later)
Perpetrator
A person is a perpetrator if
1) his conduct, the circumstances in
which it takes place and the culpability
with which it is carried out are such that
he satisfies all the requirements for
, liability contained in the definition of the
offence;
OR
2) if, although his own conduct does not
comply with that required in the
definition of the crime, he acted
together with one or more persons and
the conduct required for a conviction is
imputed to him by virtue of the
principles relating to the doctrine of
common purpose.
Difference between
direct/ indirect
perpetrator
Irrelevant for purposes of
determining liability
• Direct: own hands to
commit a crime.
• Indirect: uses someone
else to commit a crime.
