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Scheikunde samenvatting (boek)

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Samenvatting vanuit het boek Basisvaardigheden toegepaste scheikunde

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Organische Chemie
ALGEMEEN
Macronutriënten:
- Koolhydraten/sachariden
- Eiwitten/proteïnen
- Vetten/triglyceriden

Micronutriënten:
- Vitaminen
- Mineralen


1 ATOOMBOUW

1.1 ATOOMNUMMER EN MASSAGETAL
Stoffen bestaan uit atomen. Deze atomen zijn zelf ook opgebouwd uit:

 Protonen: positief geladen deeltjes.
 Elektronen: negatief geladen deeltjes.
 Neutronen: ongeladen/neutrale deeltjes.

De kern van een atoom bestaat uit protonen en neutronen. De elektronen bewegen
in een wolk om de kern. Dit model is het atoommodel van Rutherford.

Belangrijke termen en begrippen:
- Atoomnummer: aantal protonen in de kern.
- Massagetal (gewicht): protonen en neutronen samen in de kern.
- Kernlading: positief (want protonen en neutronen in kern), de lading is gelijk
aan het aantal protonen.
- Atomen zijn ongeladen (+ en - zijn in evenwicht). Aantal elektronen is gelijk
aan aantal protonen.
- Element: stof die uit één soort atomen bestaat.
- Ionen: geladen deeltjes. Er is hierbij een verschil in + en -).

Molecuul: verzameling van atomen die verbonden zijn.


1.2 ISOTOPEN
Isotopen: atomen met gelijke aantallen protonen in de kern maar verschillende
aantallen neutronen.

Het zijn ‘broertjes’ van elkaar, het gewicht van het atoom is anders verdeeld.

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