Praxis 5081 questions & answers 2022

Praxis 5081 questions & answers 20221. A historian would be interested in: A. The manner in which scientific knowledge is advanced B. The effects of the French Revolution on world colonial policy C. The viewpoint of persons who have written previous "history" D. All of the above D. All of the above Historians are interested in broad developments through history (A), as well as how individual events affected the time in which they happened (B). Knowing the viewpoint of earlier historians can also help explain the common thinking among historical cultures and groups (C), so all of these answers are correct (D). The Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands lived on: A. Buffalo and crops such as corn, beans, and sunflowers B. Chiefly farming of squash, beans, and corn C. A variety of game (deer, bear, moose) and crops (squash, pumpkins, corn) D. Wolves, foxes, polar bears, walruses, and fish C. A variety of game (deer, bear, moose) and crops (squash, pumpkins, corn) (A) Buffalo live in the plains habitat found in Western and Midwestern North America. (B) & (C) While the Native Americans did farm the "Three Sisters" of corn, squash and beans, the woods of the East also meant that a variety of game (deer, bear, moose) were widely available for them to hunt. (D) However, wolves, foxes, walruses, polar bears, and fish are only found together within the Arctic Circle, not the eastern woodlands. Apartments built out of cliff faces; shared government by adult citizens; absence of aggression toward other groups. These factors characterize the Native American group known as: A. Pueblo B. Comanche C. Seminole D. Sioux A. Pueblo (B) The Comanches were a nomadic Native American group which emerged around 1700 AD in the North American Plains and were decidedly aggressive towards their neighbors. (C) The Seminoles are a Native American group which originally emerged in Florida in the mid-18th century and was made up of refugees from other Native tribes and escaped slaves. (D) The Sioux were a Native American people who originally lived in the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Minnesota and clashed extensively with white settlers. Bartholomeu Dias, in seeking a route around the tip of Africa, was forced to turn back. Nevertheless, the cape he discovered near the southern tip of Africa became known as: A. Cape Horn B. Cabo Bojador C. Cape of Good Hope D. Cape Hatteras C. Cape of Good Hope (A) Cape Horn was discovered by Sir Francis Drake as he sailed around the globe in 1578, and it is located at the southern tip of Chile. (B) Cajo Bojador on the Western coast of northern Africa was first successfully navigated by a European, Portuguese Gil Eanes, in 1434. (D) Cape Hatteras is located on theU.S. Atlantic coast at North Carolina. Columbus first reached Western Hemisphere lands in what is now: A. Florida B. Bermuda C. Puerto Rico D. Bahamas D. Bahamas Christopher Columbus () would visit the Bahamas in 1492 and Puerto Rico in 1493, but he would never land on either Bermuda or Florida. The Middle Colonies of the Americas were: A. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina B. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware C. Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey D. Vermont and New Hampshire B. New York, New Jersey,Pennsylvania, Delaware (A) Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina were southern colonies, (C & part of D) Rhode Island, Connecticut and New Hampshire were New England colonies, and (part of D) Vermont was not one of the 13 original colonies. France decided in 1777 to help the American colonies in their war against Britain. This decision was based on: A. The naval victory of John Paul Jones over the British ship "Serapes" B. The survival of the terrible winter at Valley Forge C. The success of colonial guerilla fighters in the South D. The defeat of the British at Saratoga D. The defeat of the British at Saratoga The defeat of the British at Saratoga was the overwhelming factor in the FrancoAmerican alliance of 1777 that helped the American colonies defeat the British. Some historians believe that without the Franco-American alliance, the American colonies would not have been able to defeat the British, and America would have remained a British colony. The only colony not founded and settled for religious, political, or business reasons was: A. Delaware B. Virginia C. Georgia D. New York C. Georgia The Swedish and the Dutch established Delaware and New York as Middle Colonies. They were established with the intention of growth by economic prosperity from farming across the countryside. The English, with the intention of generating a strong farming economy settled Virginia, a Southern colony. Georgia was the only one of these colonies not settled for religious, political or business reasons as it was started as a place for debtors from English prisons. Which one of the following is not a reason why Europeans came to the New World? A. To find resources in order to increase wealth B. To establish trade C. To increase a ruler's power and importance D. To spread Christianity B. To establish trade The Europeans came to the New World for a number of reasons; often they came to find new natural resources to extract for manufacturing. The Portuguese, Spanish and English were sent over to increase the monarch's power and spread influences such as religion (Christianity) and culture. Therefore, the only reason given that Europeans did not come to the New World was to establish trade. The first shots in what was to become the American Revolution were fired in: A. Florida B. Massachusetts C. New York D. Virginia B. Massachusetts (A) Florida, while at the time a British possession, was not directly involved in the Revolutionary War. (B) The American Revolution began with the battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775. (C) There would be no fighting in New York until 1776 and none in Virginia until 1781. A major quarrel between colonial Americans and the British concerned a series of British Acts of Parliament dealing with: A. Taxes B. Slavery C. Native Americans D. Shipbuilding A. Taxes Acts of Parliament imposing taxes on the colonists always provoked resentment. Because the colonies had no direct representation in Parliament, they felt it unjust that that body should impose taxes on them with so little knowledge of their very different situation in America and no real concern for the consequences of such taxes. (B) While slavery continued to exist in the colonies long after it had been completely abolished in Britain, it never was a source of serious debate between Britain and the colonies. By the time Britain outlawed slavery in its colonies in 1833, the American Revolution had already taken place and the United States was free of British control. (C) There was no series of British Acts of Parliament passed concerning Native Americans. (D) Colonial shipbuilding was an industry which received little interference from the British. After ratification of the new Constitution, the most urgent of the many problems facing the new federal government was that of: A. Maintaining a strong army and navy B. Establishing a strong foreign policy C. Raising money to pay salaries and war debts D. Setting up courts, passing federal laws, and providing for law enforcement officers C. Raising money to pay salaries and war debts Maintaining strong military forces, establishment of a strong foreign policy, and setting up a justice system were important problems facing the United States under the newly ratified Constitution. However, the most important and pressing issue was how to raise money to pay salaries and war debts from the Revolutionary War. Alexander Hamilton () then Secretary of the Treasury proposed increased tariffs and taxes on products such as liquor. This money would be used to pay off war debts and to pay for internal programs. Hamilton also proposed the idea of a National Bank. Which concept is not embodied as a right in the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? A. Peaceful assembly B. Unreasonable search and seizure C. Freedom of speech D. Petition for redress of grievances B. Unreasonable search and seizure The first amendment to the Constitution reads, "Congress shall make no law respecting [...] abridging the (C) freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people (A) peaceably to assemble, and to (D) petition the government for a redress of grievances." The protection against (B) unreasonable search and seizure is a constitutional right found in the fourth amendment, not the first. The "Trail of Tears" relates to: A. The removal of the Cherokees from their native lands to Oklahoma Territory B. The revolt and subsequent migration of the Massachusetts Pilgrims under pressure from the Iroquois C. The journey of the Nez Perce under Chief Joseph before their capture by the U.S. Army D. The 1973 standoff between federal marshals and Native Americans at Wounded Knee, S.D. A. The removal of the Cherokees from their native lands to Oklahoma Territory (1838-39) (B) There never was a revolt and migration of the Massachusetts Pilgrims under pressure from the Iroquois. (C) The 1877 journey of the Nez Perce under Chief Joseph was a strategically impressive attempt to retreat from an oncoming US Army into Canada. (D) The 1973 Wounded Knee incident was the occupation of the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, by the American Indian Movement to call attention to issues of Native American civil rights. It can be reasonably stated that the change in the United States from primarily an agricultural country into an industrial power was due to all of the following except: A. Tariffs on foreign imports B. Millions of hardworking immigrants C. An increase in technological developments D. The change from steam to electricity for powering industrial machinery A. Tariffs on foreign imports The change in the United States from primarily an agricultural country into an industrial power was a combination of millions of hard-working immigrants, an increase in technological developments, and the change from steam to electricity for powering industrial machinery. The only reason given that really had little effect was the tariffs on foreign imports. The U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1789, provided for: A. Direct election of the president by all citizens B. Direct election of the president by citizens meeting a standard of wealth C. Indirect election of the president by electors D. Indirect election of the president by the U.S. Senate C. Indirect election of the president by electors The United States Constitution has always arranged for the indirect election of the president by electors. The question, by mentioning the original date of adoption, might mislead someone to choose B. While standards of citizenship have been changed by amendment, the president has never been directly elected, nor does the Senate have anything to do with presidential elections. The House of Representatives, not the Senate, settles cases where neither candidates wins in the Electoral College. Which of the following sets of inventors is correctly matched with the area in which they primarily worked? A. Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse: transportation B. Cyrus McCormick and George Washington Carver: household appliances C. Alexander Graham Bell and Samuel F. B. Morse: communications D. Isaac Singer and John Gorrie: agriculture C. Alexander Graham Bell and Samuel F. B. Morse: communications Bell, inventor of the telephone, and Morse, inventor of the telegraph and Morse code, were both working in the area of communications. While Westinghouse did invent various technologies crucial to the railroads and thus transportation, Edison did not; both are strongly linked to electrical inventions. McCormick and Carver specialized in agricultural inventions, while Singer, an inventor of the sewing machine, and Gorrie, the inventor of air conditioning and refrigeration, were best known for their household appliances. The area of the United States was effectively doubled through purchase of the Louisiana Territory under which president? A. John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. James Madison D. James Monroe B. Thomas Jefferson (B) The Louisiana Purchase, an acquisition of territory from France in 1803, occurred under Thomas Jefferson. (A) John Adams () was president from , before the purchase, and (C) James Madison, () after the Purchase (). (D) James Monroe () was actually a signatory on the Purchase but did not become president until 1817. Which one of the following was not a reason why the United States went to war with Great Britain in 1812? A. Resentment by Spain over the sale, exploration, and settlement of the Louisiana Territory B. The westward movement of farmers because of the need for more land C. Canadian fur traders were agitating the northwestern Indians to fight American expansion D. Britain continued to seize American ships on the high seas and force American seamen to serve aboard British ships A. Resentment by Spain over the sale, exploration, and settlement of the Louisiana Territory The United States went to war with Great Britain in 1812 for a number of reasons including the expansion of settlers westward and the need for more land, the agitation of Indians by Canadian fur traders in eastern Canada, and the continued seizures of American ships by the British on the high seas. Therefore, the only statement given that was not a reason for the War of 1812 was the resentment by Spain over the sale, exploration and settlement of the Louisiana Territory. In fact, the Spanish continually held more hostility towards the British than towards the United States. The War of 1812 is often considered to be the second American war for independence. The first territorial governor of Florida after Florida's purchase by the United States was: A. Napoleon Bonaparte B. Robert Duval C. Andrew Jackson D. Davy Crockett C. Andrew Jackson Napoleon Bonaparte (A) was the Emperor of France and never ruled Florida. Robert Duvall (B) is an American actor and not a politician. Davy Crockett (D) was a frontiersman who died at the Alamo, in Texas. The Compromise of 1850 came about as a result of which state's entry into the Union? A. Texas B. Missouri C. California D. Kansas C. California Texas (A) entered the Union in 1845. Missouri (B) was the subject of the Missouri Compromise of 1824, which would be the first such compromise between slave and free states. California (C) entered the union after the Compromise of 1850 was drafted to avoid the issue of secession by the slave states. Kansas (D) became a violent battleground between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces when it was organized as a territory in 1854, before achieving statehood in 1861 as a free state. What was a major source of contention between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government in the 1830s and 1840s? A. The Americans wished to retain slavery which had been outlawed in Mexico B. The Americans had agreed to learn Spanish and become Roman Catholic, but failed to do so C. The Americans retained ties to the United States, and Santa Anna feared the power of the U.S. D. All of the above were contentious issues between American settlers and the Mexican government D: All of the above were contentious issues between American settlers and the Mexican government The American settlers simply were not willing to assimilate into Mexican society but maintained their prior commitments to slave holding, the English language, Protestantism, and the United States government. Which of the following is most descriptive of the conflict between the U.S. government and the Seminoles between 1818 and 1858? A. There was constant armed conflict between the Seminoles and the U.S. during these years B. Historians discern three separate phases of hostilities (1818, 1835-42,1855-58) known collectively as the Seminole Wars C. On May 7, 1858, the Seminoles admitted defeat, signed a peace treaty with the U.S., and left for Oklahoma, except for fifty-one individuals D. The former Seminole chief Osceola helped the U.S. defeat the Seminoles and effect their removal to Oklahoma B. Historians discern three separate phases of hostilities (1818, 1835-42, 1855- 58) known collectively as the Seminole Wars (A) Intermittent conflicts between the U.S. government and the Seminole Native Americans can be classified into (B) three separate phases of hostilities. Slavery arose in the southern colonies partly as a perceived economical way to: A. Increase the owner's wealth through human beings used as a source of exchange B. Cultivate large plantations of cotton, tobacco, rice, indigo, and other crops C. Provide Africans with humanitarian aid, such as health care, Christianity, and literacy D. Keep ships' holds full of carg B. Cultivate large plantations of cotton, tobacco, rice, indigo and other crops Of the following, which contributed most to penetration of western areas by colonial Americans? A. Development of large ships capable of sailing upstream in rivers such as the Hudson, Susquehanna, and Delaware B. The invention of the steamboat C. Improved relations with Native Americans who invited colonial Americans to travel west to settle D. Improved roads, mail service, and communications D. Improved roads, mail service and communications Which of the following groups were slave states? A. Delaware, Maryland, Missouri B. California, Texas, Florida C. Kansas, Missouri, Kentucky D. Virginia, West Virginia, Indiana A. Delaware, Maryland, Missouri A consequence of the Gold Rush that led Americans to California in 1848 and 1849 was that: A. California spent the minimum amount of time as a territory and was admitted as a slave state B. California was denied admission on its first application since most Americans felt that the settlers were too "uncivilized" to deserve statehood C. California was purchased from Mexico for the express purpose of gaining immediate statehood D. California did not go through the normal territorial stage, but applied directly for statehood as a free state D. California did not go through the normal territorial stage, but applied directly for statehood as a free state California, suddenly undergoing a massive increase in population and wealth and desiring orderly government, found it had little recourse but to claim status as a free state and appeal directly for statehood. Congress had moved too slowly on the question of making California United States Territory. California was never a territory, but only a military district. California was not denied admission to the Union but was an essential part of the Compromise of 1850. Immediate statehood was definitely not an express policy of the U.S. in acquiring California, but the Gold Rush changed attitudes quickly. Which American Secretary of War later became President of the Confederate States? A. Henry Clay B. William Seward C. Franklin Pierce D. Jefferson Davis D. Jefferson Davis Who was the first commander for the North in the Civil War? A. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant B. Gen. Robert E. Lee C. Gen. Irwin McDowell D. Gen. George Meade C. General Irwin McDowell Abraham Lincoln won reelection in 1864 chiefly through: A. His overwhelming force of personality and appeal to all segments of the electorate B. His reputation as the Great Emancipator C. The fact that people felt sorry for him because of his difficulties D. His shrewd political manipulation, clever use of patronage jobs, and wide-appeal selection of cabinet members D. His shrewd political manipulation, clever use of patronage jobs, and wide-appeal selection of cabinet members How many states reentered the Union before 1868? A. 0 states B. 1 state C. 2 states D. 3 states B. 1 state The Radical Republicans who pushed the harsh Reconstruction measures through Congress after Lincoln's death lost public and moderate Republican support when they went too far: A. In their efforts to impeach the President B. By dividing ten southern states into military-controlled districts C. By making the ten southern states give freed African Americans the right to vote D. Sending carpetbaggers into the South to build up support for Congressional legislation A. In their efforts to impeach the President In the 1920s, the United States almost completely stopped all immigration. One of the reasons was: A. Plentiful cheap, unskilled labor was no longer needed by industrialists B. War debts from World War I made it difficult to render financial assistance C. European nations were reluctant to allow people to leave since there was a need to rebuild populations and economic stability D. The United States did not become a member of the League of Nations A. Plentiful cheap, unskilled labor was no longer needed by industrialists The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was established in reaction to abuses and corruption in what industry? A. Textile B. Railroad C. Steel D. Banking B. Railroad The Teapot Dome scandal related to: A. The improper taxing of tea surpluses in Boston B. The improper awarding of building contracts in Washington, DC C. The improper sale of policy decisions by various Harding administration officials D. The improper sale of oil reserves in Wyoming D. The improper sale of oil reserves in Wyoming Which of the following was NOT a factor in the United States' entry into World War I? A. The closeness of the presidential election of 1916 B. The German threat to sink all allied ships, including merchant ships C. The desire to preserve democracy as practiced in Britain and France as compared to the totalitarianism of Germany D. The sinking of the Lusitania and the Sussex A. The closeness of the presidential election of 1916