Edexcel A-level Chemistry Organic Chem Reactions questions completely solved

Edexcel A-level Chemistry Organic Chem Reactions questions completely solvedAlkane to Halogenoalkane Halogen and UV light (free radical substitution) Alkene to Alkane Hydrogen gas, Nickel catalyst and 150°C (addition) Use of catalytic hydrogenation Manufacture of margarine from unsaturated vegetable oils Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane Add bromine LIQUID and shake (electrophilic addition) Alkene to hydroxyhalogenoalkane Add bromine WATER and shake (electrophilic addition: CH2(OH)CH2(Br) Alkene to Alcohol Steam (water), phosphoric (v) acid catalyst (reversible) Alkenes to diol Shake in acidified potassium manganate solution: purple solution decolourises (oxidation) Alkene to Halogenoalkane Hydrogen halide Halogenoalkane to Alcohol Reflux with aqueous KOH Halogenoalkane with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol Forms alcohol + halide ion -- forms AgX precipitate (water acts as nucleophile) Halogenoalkane to Nitriles Reflux with KCN in ethanol Halogenoalkane to Primary amine Heat in sealed tube with excess conc ammonia Halogenoalkane to Alkene Reflux with KOH in ethanol (elimination) Alcohol to Iodoalkane Red phosphorus and iodine Alcohol to Chloroalkane PCl5 Alcohol to Bromoalkane KBr, 50% conc H2SO4 Primary alcohol to Aldehyde K2Cr2O7, H2SO4, heat and distil Alcohol to Alkene Concentrated phosphoric (v) acid + warm Primary alcohol to carboxylic acid Excess K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 and heat under reflux Secondary alcohol to Ketone Excess K2Cr2O7, H2SO4 and heat under reflux Aldehyde to Primary alcohol LiAlH4 in dry ether Ketone to Secondary alcohol LiAlH4 in dry ether Carbonyl compound to hydroxy nitrile + conditions HCN in KCN (CN from KCN acts as catalyst), pH6-8 Nitrile to Carboxylic acid Reflux with dilute HCl//OH- then strong acid (hydrolysis) Carboxylic acid to Primary alcohol LiAlH4 in dry ether -- hydrolysis by dilute acid Carboxylic acid to Acyl chloride Phosphorous (v) chloride Alcohol + Carboxylic acid to Ester Heat with concentrated H2SO4