FISDAP airway, ventilation, and respiratory Exam Q&A with Complete Solutions

What are the adult ventilation rates and adequate volumes? - ANSWER 12-20 breaths per minute, 120/80 BP, O2 Stat of greater than 95% What are the complications of hyperventilation? - ANSWER Leads to carbon dioxide blow off, which causes vasoconstriction, and limits blood flow to the brain What is dyspnea? - ANSWER difficulty breathing What is nocturnal dyspnea? - ANSWER Difficulty breathing after sleep or while asleep Lung sounds usually heard usually during asthma, COPD, emphysema, and Chronic Bronchitis / high pitched - ANSWER Wheezes Lung sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli / sounds like bubbles - ANSWER Crackles Lung sound due to a obstruction / high pitched on inspiration - ANSWER Stridor Lung sounds due to secretions in larger airways / Lower pitched - ANSWER Rhonchi Condition of excessive fluid buildup in the lungs and/or other organs because of inadequate pumping of the heart - ANSWER Congestive heart failure Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, black lung, and respiratory illnesses are classified as - ANSWER COPD / Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Air from the chest cavity is prevented from escaping, usually during closed chest injuries and caused by rub on internal surfaces - ANSWER Tension pneumothorax Tachycardia is? - ANSWER High heart rate Bradycardia is? - ANSWER Low heart rate What is hyperventilation? - ANSWER Increased depth and rate of breathing What is hypoxic drive? - ANSWER It is a backup system to control respirations when oxygen levels fall. *Secondary drive* What are the complications from tracheostomy tubes? - ANSWER A buildup of mucus in the tube, dislodge-meant of tube, or infection around stoma What is the pathophysiology of the upper and lower airways? - ANSWER Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs Where are beta 2 receptors located? - ANSWER Lungs What do beta 2 receptors do? - ANSWER Stimulate bronchioles to dilate Where are beta 1 receptors located? - ANSWER heart What do beta 1 receptors do? - ANSWER increase heart rate How many lobes are in the lungs - ANSWER 5 (3 right, 2 left) What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? - ANSWER 12-20 breaths/min What is the name of the passageway shared by the digestive and respiratory systems for air and food - ANSWER pharynx What part of the respiratory system contains the vocal cords - ANSWER larynx What is the most common location for an airway obstruction - ANSWER pharynx What ring shaped structure forms the lower portion of the larynx - ANSWER cricoid cartilage What is the name of the hollow, semi flexible tube that carries inhaled air from the larynx to the lungs - ANSWER trachea What area is directly posterior to the mouth? - ANSWER oropharynx What is the name of the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity - ANSWER diaphragm What is directly posterior to the nose - ANSWER nasopharynx What happens to your diaphragm during inhalation - ANSWER contracts What leaf shaped structure closes during swallowing to prevent foods and foreign objects from entering the trachea - ANSWER epiglottis What is the name of the cartilaginous ridge in the trachea at which the right and left lungs split - ANSWER carina Where is Sellick's maneuver applied? - ANSWER cricoid cartilage What are the small sacs in the lungs that are responsible for gas exchange - ANSWER alveoli An unresponsive 43 year old male is cool, pale, diaphoretic, and breathing 6 times a minute. Which device should you use to administer oxygen? - ANSWER Bag valve mask A 56 year old female has a complete airway obstruction from a piece of food. She becomes unconscious while you assess her. What should you do? - ANSWER Begin chest compressions What is the normal breath per minute for an adult - ANSWER 12-20 An alert 32 year old female complains of difficulty breathing. She can only speak in 2 to 3 word sentences and has an oxygen saturation of 92%. What should you do? - ANSWER Apply high-flow oxygen The use of accessory muscles and nasal flaring are signs of what type of breathing? - ANSWER labored What is the term for high-pitched whistling sounds heard during expiration? - ANSWER Wheezing How should you insert a nasopharyngeal airway - ANSWER face the bevel towards the septum What are the structures that branch off of the trachea into the lower airway - ANSWER bronchi A 52 year old male is sleepy, diaphoretic, difficult to arouse, and breathing 8 times a minute. What should you suspect? - ANSWER Respiratory failure A 42 year old male complains of shortness of breath after being sprayed with super-heated steam. He has burns to his face, neck, and upper chest. Vital signs are BP 112/66, P124, R28 shallow and labored. What should you do? - ANSWER Assist his ventilations An 82 year old female complains or difficulty breathing. Before you assist he with the inhaler, who will you need permission from? - ANSWER Online medical control What is the amount of air that normally reaches the alveoli in an adult - ANSWER 350mL