Health assessment midterm [Verified Guide]

Percussion: ResonantANSWERS-Low pitched, hollow sounds. Air and tissue. example: lung fields Percussion: HyperresonantANSWERS-Louder and lower pitched than resonant sounds. Mostly air. example: COPD Percussion: TympanyANSWERS-Hollow, high, drumlike sounds. Fluid and air. Normally heard over stomach. If heard over lungs, indication of large pneumothroax. Percussion: DullANSWERS-normally heard over dense areas such as the heart or liver Percussion: FlatANSWERS-Heard over bones Sebaceous glandANSWERS-microscopic glands in the skin which secrete an oily/waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate the skin and hair Sweat glandsANSWERS-Eccrine: numerous sweat glands found all over body. Apocrine: Sweat glands that release their secretions into hair follicles in the axillae (armpits), around the nipples (areolae), and in the groin Layers of skinANSWERS-Epidermis:outer layer, basal cell layer, horny cell layer. Dermis: middle layer, connective tissue or collagen. Subcutaenous layer: innermost layer, adipose tissue ErythemaANSWERS-redness of the skin EdemaANSWERS-Pitting: indentation stays in, more common with fluid. Non-pitting: swollen, bounces back, inflammation PallorANSWERS-white skin CyanosisANSWERS-bluish skin due to hypoperfusion, lack of oxygen JaundiceANSWERS-yellow skin, due to build up of bilirubin HypothermiaANSWERS-low temperature HyperthermiaANSWERS-high temperature DiaphoresisANSWERS-increased moisture, sweaty DehydrationANSWERS-lack of moisture Nail base angleANSWERS-160 degrees. 180 degrees or more, known as clubbing, seen in chronic hypoxia. Spoon nails indicate iron deficiency anemia. ConjuctivaANSWERS-clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera (white part of the eye) and lines the inside of the eyelids. Protects eyes from foreign bodies. Lacrimal glandANSWERS-secretes tears Rectus extraocular muscle moves eye ______&______ANSWERS-up & down Oblique extraocular muscle moves eye ______&______ANSWERS-side to side & lateral ExudateANSWERS-drainage, pus StrabismusANSWERS-condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other, cross-eyed DiplopiaANSWERS-double vision Visual Acuity test: DistanceANSWERS-Use Snellen Chart. Person stands 20 ft away , reads chart to smallest line able to read completely. Record result using numeric fraction: numerator is distance person standing from chart, denominator is distance at which a normal eye could have read that particular line. Variations used for those who cannot read (E chart, Allen chart using symbols) Visual Acuity test: near visionANSWERS-Similar to Snellen except use a Jaeger card, hold 14 inches from eye. PresbyopiaANSWERS-health condition where the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects with age Color vision testANSWERS-use Ishihara plates Confrontation testANSWERS-measure peripheral vision, compares clients peripheral vision with your own. Cover opposite eye (clients left, your right), move object inward from peripheral from 2 ft away, have client tell you when they can see the object. Corneal Light reflexANSWERS-Reflections of light noted at same location on both eyes Cover testANSWERS-Uncovered eye does not move when opposite eye is covered. Covered eye does not move as cover is removed. Six cardinal positions of gazeANSWERS-Elicits any muscle weakness during movement. Have client follow finger using only eyes. PERRLAANSWERS-Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light & Accommodation. Normal pupil size 3-5mm. Accommodation: proper focusing, Pupils converge and constrict as object moves toward the nose; pupil responses are uniform. Pupillary Light ReflexANSWERS-Normal response is constriction of same-sided pupils (direct) and simultaneous constriction of the other pupil (consensual) when light is advanced across pupil. Red reflexANSWERS-Red glow filling the person's pupil caused by reflection of opthalmoscope light off inner retina. Only place where you can view blood vessels directlyANSWERS-Retinal vessels TortuosityANSWERS-normal blood vessel twisting as seen in retinal vessels, normal. Salivary glandsANSWERS-Parotid, submandibular, sublingual DysphagiaANSWERS-difficulty swallowing DysphasiaANSWERS-difficulty speaking Tonsil size gradingANSWERS-1+ Tonsils are visible, 2+ Tonsils are midway between tonsillar pillars and uvula, 3+ Tonsils touch the uvula, 4+ Tonsils touch eachother EpistaxisANSWERS-nose bleed Normal nasal mucosa findingsANSWERS-mucosa is deep pink and glistening, turbinates are same color as mucosa & have firm consistency. Nasal septum should not be deviated, perforated or bleeding. Sinus palpationANSWERS-Palpate frontal sinus by pressing up under bony brow using thumb on each side of nose. Palpate maxillary sinus by pressing up under zygomatic process using thumb. Sinus percussionANSWERS-Percuss sinus areas using direct percussion (lightly tap over each area with index finger) Sinus TransilluminationANSWERS-Performed if sinuses tender of infection suspected. Maxillary sinus- place light source lateral to nose, just beneath medial aspect of eye. View illumination of hard palate through patient's open mouth. Frontal sinus- place light