Nursing 113 exam 2 (Answered) Verified Solution

Nursing 113-exam 2 Acid-Base Balance ØRefers to the homeostasis of the hydrogen ion (H-) concentration in the plasma high amount of hydrogen ions is considered an acid low amount of hydrogen ions is considered an alkaline or base Buffer Systems: Hydrogen ion concentration is determined by the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate For homeostasis, we need the ratio to be 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts bicarbonate 10= basic Normal pH is between 7.35-7.45 pH 7.35 is acid pH 7.45 alkaline/base By hyperventilation we remove carbon dioxide from the blood which lowers the carbonic acid levels and raises pH which makes the body more alkaline If there is too much alkaline in the blood, the body hypoventilation and we retain carbon dioxide which results in lower pH and makes the body more acidic Kidneys can can return the pH back to normal Blood buffers are immediate and continuous Respiratory works in minutes Kidneys works in hours/days However all of them can increase/decrease pH Respiratory Acidosis Symptoms Tachycardia, elevated BP, confusion, decreased LOC respiratory alkalosis causes: by hyperventilation; anxiety, adult respiratory distress syndrome, CHF, head trauma, severe blood loss respiratory alkalosis treatment: sedation and reassurance; breathing into a paper bag will cause rebreathing of the exhaled carbon dioxide Respiratory Alkalosis symptoms Lightheadedness, inability to concentrate, numbness and tingling, tachycardia, ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Metabolic Acidosis retaining too many acids or losing too many bases Metabolic Acidosis Effect: