Edexcel A level Geography - human geog case study Questions and Answers

Edexcel A level Geography - human geog case study Questions and Answers How does the WTO encourage FDI? encourages countries to move businesses elsewhere as lack of trade barriers will mean they go anywhere Why did businesses embrace containerisation? Reduced the unit cost of transporting 1 unit from 30% to 1% What was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade? 1948 - 23 countries agreed 45,000 tariff concessions affecting $10 billion in trade, rose to 102 countries (1975) about $300 billion in trade What is the world trade organisation (WTO)? 1994 - replaced the GATT. 123 countries agreeing to major reductions in tariffs and agricultural subsidies What is the Doha Development round? 2001 onwards - issues over the matter of agricultural subsidies How does internet access differ cross-continents? Europe - 54% have internet access. Africa - 1% have internet access Six key aims of the WTO? 1enforce rules for international trade 2 provide a forum for negotiating and monitoring further trade liberalization 3 resolving trade disputes 4 increasing transparency 5 cooperation with major economic institutions 6 to help developing countries benefit fully from the global trading system ISSUES of the WTO? free trade better for developed than developing countries, still high agricultural tariffs in EU and US, free trade ignores environmental considerations FUNCTION of the IMF? Ensuring the stability of the international monetary system (enabling countries to make transactions with each other) AIM of the International bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)? to provide loans to help rebuild economies after WW2 and to alleviate poverty - reducing the number of people on less than $1.25 a day to no more than 3% of world population by 2030 How does the IRBD achieve its aims? low interest loans, grants, and technical assistance to developing countries. What markets were privatised under Thatcher? BT (1984), local bus services (1985), British Gas (1986) and British Rail (1993) EXAMPLE: a company benefitting from a bigger market? (Trade bloc) TESCO - expanded into EU countries and sourcing goods at the best price EXAMPLE: protection from foreign competitors (trade bloc) 2007 - EU blocked £50 million of Chinese clothes entering the UK (quota had already been filled) EXAMPLE: loss of sovereignty (trade bloc) EU - deals with human rights, consumer protection, gg emissions as well as trade China's open door policy? 4 SEZs set up in 1980 - Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen