Health Assessment

Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System Chronic venous insufficiency - brown color from pulling blood, edema, varicosities in long term will lead to venous ulcer - treatments = elevate the legs, compression stocking, moisturizing Peripheral artery disease - caused by narrowing artery - you will feel pain because heart can’t keep up with the demand of the blood e.g. chest pain - feel pain when walk  intermittent claudication = pain as you walk - pain is relieved when rest - ss = (thin, shiny, loss of hair, atrophic skin), pallor, and coolness, thick- ridged nails - leads to  arterial ulcers = at toes, characterized by pale ischemic base, well-defined edges, and no bleeding Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis - Virchow triad: stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction - leads to  pulmonary embolism - ss: unilateral swelling of the affected leg, tenderness to severe pain, warmth and redness - risk factors: prolonged bed rest, history of varicose veins, trauma, infection, cancer, obesity, immobility, heart failure, smoking, contraceptive, estrogen hormones - sitting or the time e.g. on the airplane, you have to keep those muscle moving by moving your feet Raynaud’s disease Edema evaluation 1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling 2+ Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly 3+ Deep pitting, indentation remains, leg looks swollen 4+ Very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time, leg grossly swollen and distorted Organs of immune system - Spleen = LUQ, destroy old red blood cells, store red blood cells and produce antibodies - Tonsils = respond to local inflammation - Thymus = develops T and B lymphocytes - Bone marrow - Lymph nodes enlarge, swollen and tender when fighting infection or inflammation 1. Cervical nodes = drain head and neck e.g. tooth 2. Axillary nodes = drain breast and upper arm 3. Epitrochlear node = drain the hand and lower arm 4. Inguinal nodes = drain lower extremity e.g. foot Lymphoma - Swelling lymph nodes  movable = still good