Peds 2021 Final Exam

Peds 2021 Final Exam 1. What is spina bifida?: A congenital neuro tube defect (NDT) arising from failed closure of the spinal vertebral column over the posterior spinal cord. 2. What are the classifications of spina bifida? (3): Occulta - the mildest form of spina bifida where a fusion of the spinous process of the vertebrae didn't occur, BUT spinal cord and meninges remain intact. There is usually little to no associated disability The person might have a wart or small tuft of hair. Meningocele - Only the meninges and CSF herniate out. This may cause minor disabilities. Myomeningococole - the meninges, CSF, and the spinal cord herniate out. It is the most severe form of spina bifida. 3. Which form of spina bifida does not cause problems?: Lipomyelomeningocele - A fatty mass in the spinal cord that may or may not involve the spinal cord 4. What is the PTs job in the NICU?: - positioning (encouraging physiological flexion) - non pharmacological pain management (arms at midline, skin to skin, non nutritive sucking) - feeding techniques (sucking, rooting) - promoting skin to skin contact and other bonding interventions (feeding, massage) - educating families - prevent secondary impairments - promote bone diversity development 5. What are perinatal surgical managements for spina bifida?: They may perform a surgery to close the lesion (either prenatally or postnatally) in which they return neural tissue into vertebral canal, and cover the spinal defect with skin. 6. What are the 3 sites of CNS involvement for spina bifida?: Brain, Brainstem, Spinal cord, 7. A huge impact of Spina bifida is Arnold chair malformation type II, which is where there is blockage of the passage of CSF fluid due to the brainstem elongating through the foramen magnum. What may this blockage lead to?- : Hydrocephalus 8. What are potential impairments of spina bifida?: Paraplegia/paraparesis Sensory loss Neurogenic bowel/bladder Cord tethering