EMT National Registry questions and correct answers 2022

3 effects of intracranial pressure on vital signs bradycardia, irregular breathing, hypertension ___ ___ is part of a syndrome called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic bronchitis 00:02 01:21 ___ ___ is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and may last several days or weeks. Acute bronchitis a group of diseases characterized by the pathological limitation of airflow in the airway that is not fully reversible. COPD A late sign of shock is: decreased blood pressure A PASG is contraindicated if the patient presents with cardiogenic shock or _______. abnormal lung sounds a policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMTs to perform particular skills in certain situations standing orders A sign of breathing difficulty in children is a decrease in ___ ___. pulse rate A sudden loss of _______ of blood is considered serious in an average adult. 1000cc A thrombus which has broken loose, moving with blood flow, is called an embolism A weakened section of an arterial wall that begins to dilate is known as a(n) aneurysm Activated Charcoal: Contraindications Poor LOC, vomiting 00:02 01:21 Activated Charcoal: Dosage 1 g/kg of body weight, adults usually 25-50g, children 12.5-25g Activated Charcoal: Side Effects Constipation, nausea, vomiting, bowel obstruction After delivering your first shock with an AED, the patient is still pulseless, you should next perform two minutes or 5 cycles of CPR Albuterol: Action Bronchodilator Albuterol: Contraindications Allergy Albuterol: Dose 2.5 mg nebulized with 2.5 mL saline (for a total of 3mL) Albuterol: Indications Acute bronchospasm due to asthma or COPD Albuterol: Side effects Headache, tachycardia, hypertension An example of a shockable rhythm pulseless ventricular tachycardia An infant or child patient who exhibits wheezing, increased breathing effort on exhalation, or rapid breathing without stridor probably has: A lower-airway disease an inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs bronchitis ASA: Action Impedes blood clotting ASA: Contraindications allergy, bleeding disorder, already taken 324mg ASA: Dosage 324mg (81mg x 4) Atrovent: Action Bronchodilator Atrovent: Contraindications Allergy to drug, soybeans, peanuts, glaucoma Atrovent: Dose 0.5 mg nebulized w/ 2.5 mL saline (3mL total) Atrovent: Side Effects Dry mouth, headache, gastrointestinal distress caused by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue, from destruction of structures supporting the alveoli, and destruction of capillaries feeding the alveoli. emphysema Chaotic electrical activity originating from many sites in the heart is called: Ventricular fibrillation DCAP-BTLS = deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and many undetermined respiratory illnesses are classified as COPD Epinephrine: Action vasoconstriction, bronchodilation Epinephrine: Contraindications Glaucoma, shock other than anaphylactic, diabetes, cardiac problems, hypertension, pregnancy, meds include a beta blocker or MAOI Epinephrine: Dosage Epi-Pen = 0.3mg, Epi-Pen Jr = 0.15mg (for 60 lbs) Epinephrine: Indications Anaphylaxis Epinephrine: Side Effects Headache, palpitations, hypertension, tachycardia Flow rates for nasal cannula 1-6 L/min Flow rates for NRB 12-15 L/min Full dilation of the cervix occurs in the _______ stage of labor. first Glucagon: Action increases blood glucose by stimulating liver to release stored glycogen Glucagon: Contraindications allergy, hx of pheochromocytoma (tumor which secretes epinephrine) Glucagon: Dosage 1.0 mg for 44lbs, 0.5 mg for 44lbs, repeat in 20 min if no response Glucagon: Side Effects hypotension, nausea, vomiting, respiratory distress Half of all cardiac arrest patients will initially have a _______ rhythm. Ventricular fibrillation Hypoglycemia Blood sugar less than 60 If a cardiac arrest occurs within two hours of the onset of symptoms, it is called sudden death If a patient is eight months pregnant, how much blood can she potentially lose before exhibiting signs of shock? 30-35% If the patient is not defibrillated within _______ minutes of a cardiac arrest, there is almost no chance for survival. 8 In an adult, a systolic BP of __ or less is hypotensive 90mmHg In patients 1 y/o, the 1st pulse you check radial In the condition called ____, there is not electrical stimulus to cause the heart muscle to contract. asystole list of steps to be taken in different situations protocols Lung sounds that resemble low-pitched snoring or rattling are called rhonchi Normal breathing rate for adults 12-20 Normal breathing rate for children 15-30 Normal breathing rate for infants 25-50 Normal diastolic BP in adults 60 to 90 Normal pulse rate for an adult 60-100 bpm Normal systolic BP in adults 90 to 150