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Aantekeningen week 3

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aantekeningen van de les groente- en fruittechnologie.

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Groente en fruit technologie week 3

Vollegrondsgroente: alles wat op het land groeit.

Chlorofyl:
- Polaire kop (wateroplosbaar)
- Apoplaire staat (niet oplosbaar) phytoll staart
- Nodig voor de fotosynthese: CO2 + H2O + lichtenergie C6H12O6 en O2
- 2 soorten, A=blauw-groen B=geelgroen (verschil in restgroep)
- Redelijk stabiel
- Eiwitten/stabiel laagje wordt afgebroken door chlorophyllase. Hierdoor
gevoeliger voor zuur en hitte.

Na koken of steriliseren
Chlorophyl (a=lichtgroen, b= donkergroen  Peophytine (a=olijfgroen,
b=bordeauxrood)
 Mg2+ gaat eruit
 H+ erin

Dit gaat sneller o.i.v. zuur of hitte.

Als je HCO3- (base) toevoegt zullen de kleuren mooi blijven.

Enzymen (bij kamertemperatuur laten liggen)
Chorophyllas (kop is oplosbaar en gaat uitlopen) -> in water wordt het groen,
Restproduct: chlorophyllide(a en b=groen) beter oplosbaar

Als het enzym Cholorophyllas gaat inwerken op de Peophytine dan krijgt je
Peophorbide (geel/bruin)

Chlorophyllide kan ook nog reageren met pheophorbide, dan krijgt je Peophorbide
(geel/bruin)
 Mg2+ gaat eruit
 H+ erin

Koelen/diepvries: reactie gaat stop.
Groen houden: in melk koken.

Chlorophyl in chloroplasten, en kunnen ook in chromoplasten. (groen->rood)

Caroteen
Betacaroteen: oranje, provitamine a –lichaam-> vitamine a (vetoplosbaar)
Lycopeen: rood
Cis => trans (bij dubbele bindingen)

Trans: recht (meer moleculen bij elkaar op hoopje, verdieping van de kleur)
Cis: knikje

Geel
Ook een caroteen (kaas)

Wateroplosbare kleurstof
Antocyaan (blauw wanneer het een base is boven pH 7)  polyfenol (een of meer
ringstructuren)

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