PSY 101 MODULE 1 STUDYGUIDE

PSY 101 MODULE 1 STUDYGUIDE History of Psychology ● Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes ● Psychology became a field in its own right in the late 1800 when a medical doctor name Wilhelm Wundt began to study mental processes in addition to the body's physical properties ○ Conscious mental processes ■ Thoughts that a person is aware that he or she is having ● Other researchers that examined mental processes ○ William James ■ Studied emotion and memory ○ Behaviorists ■ Behaviors that they could learn about through direct observation ● Ivan Pavlov and B.F Skinner ○ Psychoanalysis ■ Unconscious mental processes ● Thoughts that a person is unaware that he or she is having ● Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung ● Six perspectives ○ Behavioral ■ Studies human behavior, focusing on the process of learning and motivation ■ Focused on behavior that could be directly observed through scientific investigations ■ Not interested in thoughts and emotions since they felt that empirical verification was not possible with internal processes ■ Stimulus-response ○ Cognitive ■ Studies human thought, intelligence and memory ■ Emphasized mediational processes like thinking ■ Albert Bandura ● Bridged behaviorism and cognitive by examining some cognitive processes and how they govern behavior ■ Information processing ■ Computer Analogy ○ Clinical psychology ■ Focuses on mental health and illness ■ Psychodynamic ● Describes powerful, unconscious forces at work in the human psych ● Referring to the mind ● Freud and Jung ■ Humanistic ● Focuses on characteristics of humankind, free will and personal responsibility ● Carl Rogers ● Provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals and families, consultations, training, education, and research based practice ■ Developmental ● Focuses on the physical, emotional, and social changes that people undertake throughout their lives ● View genetics and brain structure as key contributors to development ● Jean Piaget ● Aims to explain growth, change and consistency through the lifespan ● Thinking, feeling, and behavior change throughout a person's life ● Development during childhood ■ Biological ● Focuses on how the body is linked to thought and behavior ● Physical sources ○ Genetics, hormones, and anatomy to explain human thought and behavior ■ Sociocultural ● Examines the social and cultural contexts of human thought and behavior ● View social and environmental influences (culture, gender, and race) as being hugely important contributors to human behavior ● Blends research from psychology, anthropology, and sociology ● Focus on behavior and mental processes 1. What does psychology study a. Studies behavior and mental processes 2. Who would you say is the father of modern psychology and why a. Wilhelm Wundt is usually considered to be the father of modern psychology since he was largely responsible for establishing psychology as its own field 3. What is the difference between conscious and unconscious thought processes a. Conscious thought is thought that one is aware of, while unconscious means not conscious or not aware 4. Compare and contrast the behaviorists and psychoanalysts a. Behaviorists were only interested in studying things that they could directly observe, but the psychoanalysts focus on the unconscious forces that could not be observed at all 5. Briefly describe the 6 perspectives within psychology a. Behavioral i. Human behavior b. Cognitive i. Human thought c. Developmental i. Changes Across the lifespan d. Clinical i. Mental health and illness e. Biological i. How the body is linked to thought and behavior f. Sociocultural psychology i. Social and cultural contexts of human thought and behavior 6. Do behaviors believe in free will a. No, behaviorism posits that human and animal behavior is shaped by the environment and is not freely chosen 7. What are some specific areas that cognitive psychologists study a. Linguistics, language, attention, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, memory, and perception 8. What do clinical psychologists do a. Conduct research, administer therapy, offer consultation and evaluation, supervise and teach others 9. Which of the psychological perspectives seem to emphasize the role of parents and environments in governing behavior, which seem to emphasize biological factors a. Behaviorists and sociological [psychologists emphasize the environments Research Methods ● Research uses specific types of methods including experiments, correlational studies, case studies, naturalistic observation, and surveys ● Scientific Method ○ Develop a hypothesis ■ Start a project by proposing an educated guess about what they expect will happen ■ Based on what previous research has found and thus seek to build upon knowledge in a topical area ○ Design a test ■ Design which research method is the best fit for the type of research at hand ■ Involves human or animal subject ○ Analyze data ■ Use statistics to quantitatively analyze study data ○ Present or publish findings ■ Present research findings at conferences or publish articles ● Experiments