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Samenvatting Governance&digitalisation

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Samenvatting van alle hoorcolleges (week 1 t/m 7). Alle stof is inbegrepen en soms is de uitleg met voorbeelden uitgewerkt. De belangrijkste begrippen zijn dikgedrukt en definities staan er allemaal bij ---- Summary of all the lectures of G&D (Both English and Dutch)

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Governance & digitalization
Summary of all lectures (week 1-7).
Explained by using examples (Both Dutch and English)


Week 1: introducing governance and digitalisation
Meeting overview
• Zoom in on contemporary examples (hedendaagse
voorbeelden).
• Definitions of governance and digitalization.
• What is digital technology and why is it important?
• Three approaches to how technology influences governance:
o Adoption
o Evolution
o Impacts
• The dual dangers of technological and social determinism
• Class overview, material, lectures, exams etc.


Failure or success?
 MX3D bridge in Amsterdam.
 Use of fraud detection algorithms.
 Facial recognition in policing.
 Digital twins in healthcare.


What is governance (bestuur)?
Governance is a change in the role of the state from intervention
and control to steering and coordination (Bevir, 2010).

,  Governance/bestuur is een verandering in de rol van de staat
van interventie en controle tot aansturing en coördinatie
(Bevir, 2010)


What is digitalisation?
Digitalisation is a digital transformation that “includes a number of
interconnected and evolving technologies” (OECD).
 Digitalisering is een digitale transformatie die "een aantal
onderling verbonden en evoluerende technologieën omvat"


Examples of digital technologies
Blockchain
Bodycams
Biometrics
Apps
Sensors
Robots


 Self-driving bus, The Netherlands
 Automated consensus formation, Taiwan
 Blockchain land registry, Honduras
 E-voting, Estonia


Digital technologies
OLD
Cafe terraces

,Voting stations
Official documentation
Bus drivers
NEW
E-voting
Self-driving bus
Automated consensus forming
Blockchain property tokens


Substitute, replace, or transform? (Lember, 2018)
 Substitute
The technology joins the existing technologies as a second option,
normally displacing it partially. E.g., e-mail, smart watches.
 De technologie voegt zich als tweede optie bij de bestaande
technologieën, die normaal gesproken gedeeltelijk wordt
verplaatst.
 Mensen sturen e-mails, maar je hebt ook de optie om brieven
te schrijven. Smart-watches: je mag ook een normaal horloge
kopen.
 Replace
The technology rivals existing technologies to the extent that
the rivals disappear. E.g., mobile phones, travel cards.
 De technologie concurreert met bestaande technologieën in
de mate dat:
de rivalen verdwijnen

,  Travel cards: het is niet meer mogelijk om een papieren
ticket te krijgen. Mobile phones: telefoons maken plaats
voor het verdwijnen van huistelefoons, kan ook als
substitutie gezien worden.
 Transform
The technology offers something totally new that wasn’t available
before. E.g., social media, artificial intelligence.
 De technologie biedt iets totaal nieuws dat dat niet eerder
beschikbaar was.
 Social-media en artificial intelligence: bestonden niet eerder,
zijn geheel nieuw.

Substitute, replace, or transform? (Lember, 2018)
Café terraces – automated consensus forming, replacement or
transform
Voting stations – E-voting, substitution
Official documentation – blockchain property tokens, substitution
Bus drivers – self-driving bus, substitution


What is it about digital that makes it special?


Digital affordances:
 It is faster and cheaper.
 It is programable using code.
o Het is programmeerbaar met behulp van code.
o Je kan iets hercoderen heel makkelijk

,  It is more accommodating to a different range of types of
data and technologies being incorporated into the same
network. This is often referred to as the Internet of Things.
o Het is meer accommoderend voor divers scala aan
soorten gegevens en technologieën die in hetzelfde
netwerk worden geïntegreerd. Dit wordt vaak
aangeduid als het internet der dingen.
o ‘’The internet of things’’: alle technologieën zijn
verbonden met elkaar in hetzelfde netwerk(speakers,
wifi, security system). Je kan dingen tegelijk en samen
gebruiken.
 Instantaneous communication possible through multiple
platforms.
o Onmiddellijke communicatie mogelijk via meerdere
platforms.
 Digital code is traceable and replicable.
o Digitale code is traceerbaar en repliceerbaar.
o Je kan video’s en data tracken en verspreiden via social-
media.


How does digitalisation influence governance?
Adoption – Homburg
Evolution - West
Impacts - Gil-Garcia et al.

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