N6540 Midterm Questions And Answers 2022

What are the physiological changes of aging - Answer - 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems 2.Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust 3. Changes in the sympathetic response 4. Impaired immunological function- infection risk is greater and autoimmune diseases are more prevalent. What factors influence lab value interpretation in the older adult - Answer - 1. physiological changes with aging 2. the prevalence of chronic disease 3. changes in nutritional and fluid intake 4. Lifestyle What lab values is important - Answer - Creatinine clearance, GFR and renal function What are examples of drugs are eliminated renally - Answer - Digoxin, H2 blockers, lithium and water-soluable antibiotics What are the two formulas to evaluate the kidney function - Answer - The Cockcroft-Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) What neurological conditions commonly have an initial onset in older age? - Answer - Parkinson's, dementia, stroke, and complex partial seizures What are geriatric syndromes - Answer - Diseases that involve multiple systems and have more than one underlying cause What are the geriatric syndrome giants currently - Answer - Frailty, anorexia of aging, sarcopenia and cognitive impariment What are bimodal presentations of disease - Answer - Diseases that can present in a younger age and an older age. What are examples of bimodal diseases? - Answer - Psoriasis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's disease, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and myasthenia gravis What is primary prevention? - Answer - Activities to prevent the occurrence of a disease or adverse, including mental health What is secondary prevention - Answer - Tasks directed towards detection of a disease or adverse health condition in an asymptomatic individual who has risk factors