University of Bridgeport NURS 206_MSsurgery_Complete Solution

• A rigid, external immobilizing device • Uses – Immobilize a reduced fracture – Correct a deformity – Apply uniform pressure to soft tissues – Support and stabilize weakened joints • Ma terials: nonplaster (fiberglass), plaster of Paris • Contoured splints of plaster or pliable thermoplastic materials may be used for: • Braces (i.e., orthoses) are custom fitted to various parts of the body and are used to: What is a cast? • Before application • Monitoring of neurovascular status and for potential complications • Treat lacerations and abrasions before cast, brace, splint • Provide information about the purpose of treatment • Prepare patient for application by explaining procedure • Assessing for neurovascular changes using “6 Ps” • Monitoring and treating pain Is the following statement true or false? A patient’s unrelieved pain should be reported to the physician 30 minutes after administered pain medication A patient’s unrelieved pain must be immediately reported to the physician to avoid possible paralysis and necrosis • Compartment syndrome: • Dx: Clinical assessment of 6 Ps; pain is the early indicator • Treatment: Notify physician, cast may be removed, and emergency fasciotomy may be necessary • Pressure ulcer: caused by inappropriately applied cast – Lower extremities most susceptible – Patient reports painful “hotspot” and tightness – Dx: May cut window in the cast for inspection and access – Treatment: dressing applied over exposed skin • Disuse Syndrome: muscle atrophy and loss of strength – Treatment: Isometric exercises, muscle setting exercises • Impact of injury to physiologic functioning (ADL, IADL) • Activity, exercise, rest • Medications • Techniques for cast drying • Controlling of swelling and pain • Care of minor skin irritation – Pad rough edges with tape or moleskin – Blow with hair dryer to relieve itching – Do not stick foreign objects into the cast • Unrelieved itching may need antihistamine • Signs and symptoms to report: – Persistent pain or swelling, – Changes in sensation, movement, skin color or temperature – Signs of infection or pressure areas • Required follow-up care • Cast removal and after care • Used to manage open fractures with soft tissue damage • Provide support for complicated or comminuted fractures • Patient requires reassurance because of appearance of device • Discomfort is usually minimal, and early mobility may be anticipated with these devices • Elevate to reduce edema