BTEC Level 3 Applied Science Unit 1 Biology

plasma membrane a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell Vesicle Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell. Ribosomes site of protein synthesis Mitochondrion bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA. Centrioles Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only Nuceus the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm Lysosomes An organelle containing digestive enzymes cell wall A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis Vacuole Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Amyloplast starch storage Plasmodesmata An open channel in the cell wall of plants through which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells