APUSH Chapter 6 Review
Chapter 6: The Road to Revolution 1754-1775
6.1 The Clash of Empires
Condenders of the New World in 1700’s: France, Britain, Spain
- Earliest Battles include:
- King William’s War
- Queen Anne’s War
- Mostly British colonists against French coureurs de bois
- Both sides recruited the Indian allies, did not think it was worth bringing actual
troops over
- Spain allied with France
- Britain's navy helped project British power across the seas
- Peace at Utrecht in 1712 revealed how badly the British beat the Spanish and French
- Britain got Acadia, Newfoundland, and the Hudson Bay
- Effect: pinched St. Lawrence settlements of France, generation of peace
ensued
Britain provided American colonies with decades of “salutary neglect”
- “Fertile soil for the roots of independence”
- Meaning that because Britain had left them alone for so long the colonies were essentially
given a taste of independence
War of Jenkin’s Ear
- Broke out between Britain and Spain
- Fought at the Caribbean Sea and to the much-buffeted buffer colony of Georgia, James
Oglethrope fought his Spanish to a standstill.
- Merged with the large-scale War of Austrian Succession in Europe, “King George’s War”
- France allied itself with Spain, New Englanders invaded New France
- Peace treaty of 1748 handed Louisborge back to their French Foe
- New Englanders were outraged, slap in the face, Old World politics were
affecting the colonists
6.2 George Washington Inaugurated War with France
Ohio River Valley (ORV) main contention between the French and the British
British: Critical area into which the westward-pushing British colonists would inevitably penetrate
French: Key to linking their Canadian holdings with the lower Mississippi Valley
- Mid 1700s alarmed by French for-building and cutthroat fur-trade competition in the ORV, the
British were determined to fight for their economic security and for dominance over the continent
- In 1749 chiefly influential Virginians had secured shaky legal “rights” to some 500,000 acres in
this region , same region, the French were creating a chain of forts the ORV
- Fort Duquesne: pivotal point where the Monogahela and Allegheny Rivers join to form
the Ohio
- 1754 George Washington was sent to secure Virginia’s claims to the ORV
, - About 40 miles away from Fort Duquesne, Washington encountered French troops,
Virginians fired the first shots, killing the French leader.
- The French returned with reinforcements, who surrounded Washington, Fort Necessity.
After a 10 hour siege, he is forced to surrender his entire command, allowed to march his
men away with the full honors of war. (They essentially let him go and declared war, how
nice of them.)
- British authorities in Nova Scotia took action, fearing a stab in the back from the French
Acadians, who were conquered by the British in 1713.
- The British uprooted around four thousand of them in 1755. Scattered to Louisiana,
descendants of the French-speaking Acaidans are now called “Cajuns,” nearly a million.
6.3 Global War and Colonial Disunity
First three Anglo-French colonial wars had all started in Europe, the fourth war known as the French and
Indian War, began in America.
- Touched off by Washington in the ORV in 1754, rocked on an undeclared basis for two years and
then widened into the most far-flung conflict, the Seven Years’ War.
- Fought in America and Europe, West Indies, Philippines, in Africa, and on the ocean.
Seven-seas War
- In Europe the principal adversaries were Britain and Prussia on one side, against French,
Spain, Austria and Russia.
- Bloodiest theater = Germany, Prussian King Frederick (the Great) repelled the
French, Austrian and Russian armies, was 3:1
- The French wasted so much strength in Europe, unable to throw adequate
forces into the New World. “America was conquered in Germany,” -
Wiliam Pitt
- 1754 British Government summoned an intercolonial congress to Albany, near the Iroquios
Indian country (7/13 of the colonial delegates showed up)
- Purpose: keep the powerful Iroquois confederation loyal to the British in the spreading
war
- Iroquois were given gifts upon gifts, such as guns
- Longer-range purpose: achieve greater colonial unity and
bolster common defense against France
- A month before, Benjamin Franklin published “Join, or Die.” Leading
spirit of the Albany Congress
- Outstanding contribution was a well-devised but premature
scheme for home rule
- Delegates adopted the plan but individual colonies and the
London regime rejected it
- To the colonists, it did not seem to give enough
independence
- To the British officials, it seemed to give too much
Franklin’s observation: all people agreed on the need for union, but their “weak noodles” were “perfectly
distracted” when they attempted to agree on details
Chapter 6: The Road to Revolution 1754-1775
6.1 The Clash of Empires
Condenders of the New World in 1700’s: France, Britain, Spain
- Earliest Battles include:
- King William’s War
- Queen Anne’s War
- Mostly British colonists against French coureurs de bois
- Both sides recruited the Indian allies, did not think it was worth bringing actual
troops over
- Spain allied with France
- Britain's navy helped project British power across the seas
- Peace at Utrecht in 1712 revealed how badly the British beat the Spanish and French
- Britain got Acadia, Newfoundland, and the Hudson Bay
- Effect: pinched St. Lawrence settlements of France, generation of peace
ensued
Britain provided American colonies with decades of “salutary neglect”
- “Fertile soil for the roots of independence”
- Meaning that because Britain had left them alone for so long the colonies were essentially
given a taste of independence
War of Jenkin’s Ear
- Broke out between Britain and Spain
- Fought at the Caribbean Sea and to the much-buffeted buffer colony of Georgia, James
Oglethrope fought his Spanish to a standstill.
- Merged with the large-scale War of Austrian Succession in Europe, “King George’s War”
- France allied itself with Spain, New Englanders invaded New France
- Peace treaty of 1748 handed Louisborge back to their French Foe
- New Englanders were outraged, slap in the face, Old World politics were
affecting the colonists
6.2 George Washington Inaugurated War with France
Ohio River Valley (ORV) main contention between the French and the British
British: Critical area into which the westward-pushing British colonists would inevitably penetrate
French: Key to linking their Canadian holdings with the lower Mississippi Valley
- Mid 1700s alarmed by French for-building and cutthroat fur-trade competition in the ORV, the
British were determined to fight for their economic security and for dominance over the continent
- In 1749 chiefly influential Virginians had secured shaky legal “rights” to some 500,000 acres in
this region , same region, the French were creating a chain of forts the ORV
- Fort Duquesne: pivotal point where the Monogahela and Allegheny Rivers join to form
the Ohio
- 1754 George Washington was sent to secure Virginia’s claims to the ORV
, - About 40 miles away from Fort Duquesne, Washington encountered French troops,
Virginians fired the first shots, killing the French leader.
- The French returned with reinforcements, who surrounded Washington, Fort Necessity.
After a 10 hour siege, he is forced to surrender his entire command, allowed to march his
men away with the full honors of war. (They essentially let him go and declared war, how
nice of them.)
- British authorities in Nova Scotia took action, fearing a stab in the back from the French
Acadians, who were conquered by the British in 1713.
- The British uprooted around four thousand of them in 1755. Scattered to Louisiana,
descendants of the French-speaking Acaidans are now called “Cajuns,” nearly a million.
6.3 Global War and Colonial Disunity
First three Anglo-French colonial wars had all started in Europe, the fourth war known as the French and
Indian War, began in America.
- Touched off by Washington in the ORV in 1754, rocked on an undeclared basis for two years and
then widened into the most far-flung conflict, the Seven Years’ War.
- Fought in America and Europe, West Indies, Philippines, in Africa, and on the ocean.
Seven-seas War
- In Europe the principal adversaries were Britain and Prussia on one side, against French,
Spain, Austria and Russia.
- Bloodiest theater = Germany, Prussian King Frederick (the Great) repelled the
French, Austrian and Russian armies, was 3:1
- The French wasted so much strength in Europe, unable to throw adequate
forces into the New World. “America was conquered in Germany,” -
Wiliam Pitt
- 1754 British Government summoned an intercolonial congress to Albany, near the Iroquios
Indian country (7/13 of the colonial delegates showed up)
- Purpose: keep the powerful Iroquois confederation loyal to the British in the spreading
war
- Iroquois were given gifts upon gifts, such as guns
- Longer-range purpose: achieve greater colonial unity and
bolster common defense against France
- A month before, Benjamin Franklin published “Join, or Die.” Leading
spirit of the Albany Congress
- Outstanding contribution was a well-devised but premature
scheme for home rule
- Delegates adopted the plan but individual colonies and the
London regime rejected it
- To the colonists, it did not seem to give enough
independence
- To the British officials, it seemed to give too much
Franklin’s observation: all people agreed on the need for union, but their “weak noodles” were “perfectly
distracted” when they attempted to agree on details
