Joints Articulations
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet, and without them out we could not move. There are
di erent types of joints each producing di erent types of movement and amounts. The three types of
joints are immovable ( brous), slightly movable (cartilaginous) and movable (synovial).
Fixed or immovable joints:
They are held together by tough bres, they are fused and form a rigid structure. Eg; cranium
Slightly movable joints:
These bones are separated by a cushion of cartilage. Ligaments prevent them from moving to far. Eg;
vertebrae
Freely movable joints;
Most of the joints in the body are freely movable. They contain synovial uid which lubricates the joints.
They are held together by ligaments. The joint capsule protects and holds the knee together. The
synovial membrane lines and secretes the membrane with synovial uid which lubriactes the joint.
Smooth cartilage covers the bone stops friction spans acts as a shock absorber and ligaments keeps
them in place.
Classi cation of joints
There are di erent types of synovial joints and these are;
Hinge joint, pivot, ball and socket, gliding and condyloid (ellipsoid)
Hinge Pivot
Only move Ball and socket
Only rotate on its
forward and Can move in all
axis as it is the
backwards directions
atlas
Knee and elbow Shoulder and hips
Neck
Gliding Condyloid
Move in all Forwards, backwards
directions but left and right
little movement Caramel and radius
Vertebrae and ulna
t
N L É
Flexion Rotation Plantar exion Supination
Addiction
F
t him
Circumduction Pronation Abduction
Extension Dorsi exion
fl fl
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet, and without them out we could not move. There are
di erent types of joints each producing di erent types of movement and amounts. The three types of
joints are immovable ( brous), slightly movable (cartilaginous) and movable (synovial).
Fixed or immovable joints:
They are held together by tough bres, they are fused and form a rigid structure. Eg; cranium
Slightly movable joints:
These bones are separated by a cushion of cartilage. Ligaments prevent them from moving to far. Eg;
vertebrae
Freely movable joints;
Most of the joints in the body are freely movable. They contain synovial uid which lubricates the joints.
They are held together by ligaments. The joint capsule protects and holds the knee together. The
synovial membrane lines and secretes the membrane with synovial uid which lubriactes the joint.
Smooth cartilage covers the bone stops friction spans acts as a shock absorber and ligaments keeps
them in place.
Classi cation of joints
There are di erent types of synovial joints and these are;
Hinge joint, pivot, ball and socket, gliding and condyloid (ellipsoid)
Hinge Pivot
Only move Ball and socket
Only rotate on its
forward and Can move in all
axis as it is the
backwards directions
atlas
Knee and elbow Shoulder and hips
Neck
Gliding Condyloid
Move in all Forwards, backwards
directions but left and right
little movement Caramel and radius
Vertebrae and ulna
t
N L É
Flexion Rotation Plantar exion Supination
Addiction
F
t him
Circumduction Pronation Abduction
Extension Dorsi exion
fl fl
