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Summary

Summary CIE A-level Biology: Selection and Evolution (A* achieved)

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Hi everyone:)) Here are my CIE A2 level Biology topic notes for the syllabus. These notes are tailored to the A level syllabus as well as the mark scheme as if you do enough past paper questions you will see a recurring pattern with the types of questions asked about each topic. My notes include summaries, labelled diagrams, and step-by-step explanations to difficult mechanisms such as how ADH and the lac operon works. Please keep in mind my notes are handwritten! These documents as well as other revision material eg. past papers and anki helped me to achieve an A* for A level Biology so I would recommend using these notes alongside other revision material as it may save you some time. Lastly, I just wanted to say GOODLUCK!! This is a very challenging and content packed course so I understand the stress you may be feeling. Feel free to message me anytime if you have any questions regarding my notes or even for advice on A level biology:))

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Gene control

the
ability of a cell to control /
regulate what proteins it mokes from its DNA .




repressor protein tact gene
-

.




bind
↳ to the
promoter
DNA / other
regions of regions
involving the regulation of gene
expression


Repressible Enzymes : produced continuously because me gene met codes for them are always switched on and

expressed .




→
Usually involved in anabolic
pom ways emoting )
→ CRE ] Can decrease if [ products of reaction
they cdtolyse ] P .




↳ can bind to In allosteric site

of inactive repressor protein

I
activated repressor binds to the OPERATOR

prevents RNA /
polymerase binding progressing
=




21mg DNA ↳
by binding to me promoter region
.




[ P ] b this is reversed 2nd transcription
Temporary When
=
,




continuous .




Inducible Enzymes produced met codes switched
only
:
when the
gene for them are on because of
presence of 2 specific molecule substrate
me eg

hey
.




.
lot operon enzymes ( 2
,
Y
,
A)




12%
Structural genes : codes for me synthesis of polypeptides →
proteins DNA )



Regulatory genes :
controls the structural genes 198-1 .
of DNA )
↳
gene regulation con T or t the
production of d

hummus gene expression specific protein
M where RNA
polymerase
will b

Regulatory sequence : consists of DNA operator &
regulatory , promoter region
ls switch on 10A

Connected book
 image
Stephanie Fowler, Glenn Toole, Susan Toole, Beverlyn Nathan, Aniruddha Chakraborty, Padmajyothi Sripada Cambridge International AS & A Level Complete Biology
Publisher: 2020 ISBN: 9781382005234 Edition: Unknown

Document information

Summarized whole book?
No
Which chapters are summarized?
Chapter 17
Uploaded on
September 1, 2022
Number of pages
18
Written in
2022/2023
Type
Summary
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