Name: Orlando Nica
Student ID: 20413435
Qualification: Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in
Applied Science
Unit number and title: Unit 14: Applications of Organic Chemistry
Learning aim C: Understand types, structures, reactions, uses and
properties of isomers.
Designing molecules
Vocational: I am a junior technician working for Reckitt Benckiser and I have
recently been transferred to their Boots division in Nottingham.
The products made by this company include ‘Nurofen’, ‘Strepsils’ and
‘Clearasil’. I will be working in drug development and in order to successfully
complete my probationary period, I must undergo some training alongside my
work in the laboratory. As part of this training I will produce a research report to
demonstrate my knowledge of isomerism and its implications for the safe design
and production of new drugs.
Isomers
Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but a distinct atomic
configuration in space. This rules out any distinct configurations caused by the
molecule rotating as a whole or rotating around specific bonds.
The phenomenon that two or more different chemical compounds have the same
molecular formula is called isomerism, from the Greek isos meaning “equal”,
and meros meaning “part”, a concept and term introduced by the Swedish
scientist Jacob Berzelius in 1830.
Isomerism can be classified into two types: structural isomerism and
stereoisomerism, which can be further subdivided.
1
,In structural isomerism, also called constitutional isomerism, isomers differ
from each other in that the constituent atoms are linked in different ways and
sequences.
There are several subtypes of structural isomerism: positional, functional group
and chain isomerism.
Types of structural isomerism
#1 Chain isomerism- The possibility of branching in carbon chains brings a lot
to these isomers. Butane, for example, has two isomers, C4H10 and C4H11.
The carbon atoms in one of them form a "straight chain," whereas the chain in
the other is branched.
2
, Pentane, C5H12, also has three chain isomers.
#2 Position isomerism- In positional isomerism, also called position isomerism,
isomers have the same functional groups but in different positions on the same
carbon chain.
An example is the compound with molecular formula C6H4Br2, of which there
are three isomers: 1,2-dibromobenzene, 1,3-dibromobenzene and
1,4-dibromobenzene. These isomers differ in the position of the bromine atoms
on the cyclic structure.
3
Student ID: 20413435
Qualification: Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma in
Applied Science
Unit number and title: Unit 14: Applications of Organic Chemistry
Learning aim C: Understand types, structures, reactions, uses and
properties of isomers.
Designing molecules
Vocational: I am a junior technician working for Reckitt Benckiser and I have
recently been transferred to their Boots division in Nottingham.
The products made by this company include ‘Nurofen’, ‘Strepsils’ and
‘Clearasil’. I will be working in drug development and in order to successfully
complete my probationary period, I must undergo some training alongside my
work in the laboratory. As part of this training I will produce a research report to
demonstrate my knowledge of isomerism and its implications for the safe design
and production of new drugs.
Isomers
Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but a distinct atomic
configuration in space. This rules out any distinct configurations caused by the
molecule rotating as a whole or rotating around specific bonds.
The phenomenon that two or more different chemical compounds have the same
molecular formula is called isomerism, from the Greek isos meaning “equal”,
and meros meaning “part”, a concept and term introduced by the Swedish
scientist Jacob Berzelius in 1830.
Isomerism can be classified into two types: structural isomerism and
stereoisomerism, which can be further subdivided.
1
,In structural isomerism, also called constitutional isomerism, isomers differ
from each other in that the constituent atoms are linked in different ways and
sequences.
There are several subtypes of structural isomerism: positional, functional group
and chain isomerism.
Types of structural isomerism
#1 Chain isomerism- The possibility of branching in carbon chains brings a lot
to these isomers. Butane, for example, has two isomers, C4H10 and C4H11.
The carbon atoms in one of them form a "straight chain," whereas the chain in
the other is branched.
2
, Pentane, C5H12, also has three chain isomers.
#2 Position isomerism- In positional isomerism, also called position isomerism,
isomers have the same functional groups but in different positions on the same
carbon chain.
An example is the compound with molecular formula C6H4Br2, of which there
are three isomers: 1,2-dibromobenzene, 1,3-dibromobenzene and
1,4-dibromobenzene. These isomers differ in the position of the bromine atoms
on the cyclic structure.
3
