Problems associated with deep excavations, proposed modelling
And design approaches, case studies.
,Table of Contents
List of Figures........................................................................................................................................i
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................3
2. Problems Associated with Deep Excavations....................................................................................4
2.1. Displacement of Adjacent Ground..............................................................................................4
2.2. Ground Water.............................................................................................................................6
II.3. Cave-ins or Excavation Collapses..............................................................................................9
II.4. Other Problems Associated with Deep Excavations.................................................................10
3. Excavation support Systems............................................................................................................11
3.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................11
3.2. Diaphragm Walls......................................................................................................................12
3.3. Soldier beam and Lagging........................................................................................................12
4. References.......................................................................................................................................13
, List of Figures
Figure 1: Failure of a building in China in 2009 initiated by a nearby deep excavation........................5
Figure 2: A masonry wall suffered from severe cracking due to ground deformations (Vatovec et al,
2010)......................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 3: Collapse of City Archive Building in Cologne (Germany) due to soil piping induced by
dewatering (Rowson, 2009)...................................................................................................................8
Figure 4: Two examples of Diaphragm walls used to support deep excavations.................................12
Figure 5: The excavation for the Getty centre art museum in California (Nemati, 2005)....................12
i
And design approaches, case studies.
,Table of Contents
List of Figures........................................................................................................................................i
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................2
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................3
2. Problems Associated with Deep Excavations....................................................................................4
2.1. Displacement of Adjacent Ground..............................................................................................4
2.2. Ground Water.............................................................................................................................6
II.3. Cave-ins or Excavation Collapses..............................................................................................9
II.4. Other Problems Associated with Deep Excavations.................................................................10
3. Excavation support Systems............................................................................................................11
3.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................11
3.2. Diaphragm Walls......................................................................................................................12
3.3. Soldier beam and Lagging........................................................................................................12
4. References.......................................................................................................................................13
, List of Figures
Figure 1: Failure of a building in China in 2009 initiated by a nearby deep excavation........................5
Figure 2: A masonry wall suffered from severe cracking due to ground deformations (Vatovec et al,
2010)......................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 3: Collapse of City Archive Building in Cologne (Germany) due to soil piping induced by
dewatering (Rowson, 2009)...................................................................................................................8
Figure 4: Two examples of Diaphragm walls used to support deep excavations.................................12
Figure 5: The excavation for the Getty centre art museum in California (Nemati, 2005)....................12
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