SAMENVATTING SOCIALE ETHIEK
Inhoud
1 cOLLEGE 22/02/ 22: introductie................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Wat is sociale ethiek?......................................................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Hoe wordt juist handelen beoordeeld?...................................................................................................6
1.2 moraal (morus : gewoonte)............................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 moraaltypes (5) :.....................................................................................................................................7
1 cOLLEGE 01/02/22: beginselenmoraal....................................................................................................... 11
1.1 Ethiek.............................................................................................................................................................11
1.1.1 Benaderingen van Ethiek.......................................................................................................................11
1.1.2 Problemen met de benaderingen.........................................................................................................14
1.1.3 Voorbeelden...........................................................................................................................................15
2 college 8/03/22: voor en nadelen.............................................................................................................. 16
2.1 Voor- en nadelen van de ethische theorie....................................................................................................16
2.1.1 Deontologische benadering van de ethiek (recht/plichtsethiek)..........................................................16
2.1.2 De gevolgethische benadering..............................................................................................................18
2.1.3 Deugdethische benadering....................................................................................................................19
2.1.4 video : right or wrong bedoeling om te bekijken welke mensen welke benadering maken ................21
3 college 29/ : kennisclips + Documentaires.......................................................................................22
Kennisclips: moraal.............................................................................................................................................22
3.1.1 Geweldsmoraal......................................................................................................................................22
3.1.2 Hechtingsmoraal....................................................................................................................................23
3.1.3 SamenwerkingSmoraal...........................................................................................................................23
3.1.4 ReinEgingsmoraal...................................................................................................................................23
3.1.5 Beginselenmoraal (ratio)........................................................................................................................23
Kennisclips Ethiek................................................................................................................................................24
3.2 kennisclips wat is ethiek................................................................................................................................24
3.2.1 Dna Ethiek..............................................................................................................................................24
3.2.2 Corroptio optimi pessima.......................................................................................................................24
3.3 Kennisclips: dEUGDETHIEK............................................................................................................................24
3.3.1 dEUGDETHIEK.........................................................................................................................................24
3.3.2 Deugdenethiek kritische kanttekening (Aristoteles)..............................................................................25
3.3.3 Deugdethiek: Felix Cupa.........................................................................................................................25
1
, 3.4 kENNISCLIPS ZORGETHIEK.............................................................................................................................25
3.4.1 zorgethiek: psychologie van het morele gedrag....................................................................................25
3.4.2 kOHLBERG: 3 stadia................................................................................................................................26
3.4.3 GilliGAN..................................................................................................................................................26
3.4.4 kUNNEMAN NORMATIEVE PROFESSIONALISERING..............................................................................27
3.4.5 Kunneman- kritische kanttekening “management” in zorg en welzijn..................................................27
3.4.6 pRESENTIETHEORIE................................................................................................................................28
3.5 Kennisclipst: gevolgETHISCHE BENADERING................................................................................................28
3.5.1 gevolgethiek...........................................................................................................................................28
3.5.2 Trollegology kanttekening......................................................................................................................28
3.5.3 Gevolgethiek kritiek (zondebok)............................................................................................................29
3.6 kennisclips Deontologische benadering........................................................................................................29
3.6.1 Plichtsethiek voor en nadelen................................................................................................................29
3.7 kennisclip Dialoog ethiek en drie wereldenmodel Habermas.......................................................................30
3.8 dOCUMENTAIRE “rekening van Catelijne”....................................................................................................31
3.8.1 ethische aspecten verbonden met deze problematiek.........................................................................31
3.9 Documentaire “ 50 cent”..............................................................................................................................31
4 College 19/04/ 22: opdracht dashboard samenleving, sociale woningen....................................................32
Bart wernaart: Normatieve ethiek en Moral Programming...............................................................................32
4.1 Wat voor ethiek kunnen we in systemen stoppen?......................................................................................32
4.2 Wat voor ethiek moeten we in systemen stoppen?......................................................................................34
4.3 Wie moet er uiteindelijk over gaan? (de ‘verantwoordelijkheidsvraag’).....................................................35
Opracht BAMPS: sociale woningen.....................................................................................................................36
4.4 Opdracht 1: 3 Belangrijke ethische vraagstukken........................................................................................36
4.5 Opdracht 2: Koppeling tss uiteenzetting Dr. Bart Wenaart en Dashboardsamenleving..............................36
4.5.1 Uitleg zoeken in het Webinar.................................................................................................................36
4.5.2 Koppeling tussen de twee:.....................................................................................................................37
5 college 2/05/22: dashboard samenleving..................................................................................................38
5.1 Opfrissing......................................................................................................................................................38
5.1.1 type 6: techno – ethiek..........................................................................................................................39
5.2 Waarom heet het boek de dashboardsamenleving?....................................................................................39
5.3 Concrete voorbeelden uit het nieuws: kindermishandeling..........................................................................40
5.3.1 Rol van wetenschappelijke studies en consequenties vanuit perspectief van ethiek...........................40
5.4 Tekst ‘journal of family psychology: spanking and child outcomes’.............................................................42
5.5 Tekst ‘Comparing Child Outcomes of Physical Punishment and Alternative Disciplinary Tactics4..............43
5.6 Tekst ‘ A meta – analysis of the published research on the affective, cognitieve, and behavioral effects of
coporal punischment...........................................................................................................................................43
5.7 pro en contra (uit vak ‘sociale psychologie’).................................................................................................44
2
, 5.8 Filmpje ‘wat doet kindermishandeling met een kinderbrein?’.....................................................................45
5.9 wAAR ZIT HET PROBLEEM MET TEChONOLGIE?...........................................................................................47
5.9.1 pARADOX VAN MORALITEIT (p 198)......................................................................................................47
6 College 03/05/22: dashboard samenleving................................................................................................ 49
6.1 presentietheorie............................................................................................................................................49
6.1.1 Dashboard: presentie verlening van technologie?................................................................................50
6.2 Ethische dilemma’s (naar aanleiding van technologie)................................................................................51
6.2.1 Teiresias dilemma...................................................................................................................................51
6.2.2 Nash dilemma.........................................................................................................................................52
6.2.3 MNEMOSYNE DILEMMA........................................................................................................................53
7 College 10/05: etische dillema’s................................................................................................................ 54
7.1 Digitaal geheugen vs. Psychisch welzijn......................................................................................................54
7.2 Ego-opticon dilemma....................................................................................................................................55
7.2.1 Cambridge Analytica – mag informatie worden gemanipuleerd voor de goede zaak?........................55
7.3 Arkin dilemma...............................................................................................................................................56
7.4 Morpheus dilemma.......................................................................................................................................56
7.4.1 Link met dashboardsamenleving...........................................................................................................56
7.4.2 Andere variant: Parrhasius dilemma......................................................................................................57
7.5 Informatie-utopie..........................................................................................................................................57
7.6 Besluit van ethische dilemma’s.....................................................................................................................59
7.7 Uit de pedagogische canon: Harry Kunneman over het morele actorschap van de leraar (artikel)............60
7.7.1 Pijlers humanistiek.................................................................................................................................60
7.7.2 Boek ‘Dikke ik idee’................................................................................................................................61
7.7.3 Normatieve professionalisering.............................................................................................................61
7.8 ‘Wie ben ik om iets te vinden van collega’s?’ Normatieve professionalisering en onderwijs (artikel).........62
7.8.1 Competentiedenken komt uit economische sector/management.......................................................62
7.8.2 Machtsproblematiek..............................................................................................................................62
8 cOLLEGE 17/05/22: bruikbare instrumenten voor ethiek............................................................................64
8.1 Ethisch stappenplan......................................................................................................................................64
8.2 AI ethics & engagement with children & young people – Mhairi Aitken | Computing education research.66
8.2.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................66
8.2.2 Waarom AL.............................................................................................................................................66
8.2.3 What is AI Ethics?...................................................................................................................................67
8.2.4 Ethical principles....................................................................................................................................68
8.2.5 Epistemic and Normative Concernsµ.....................................................................................................69
8.2.6 Why does this matter for children and young people?.........................................................................70
8.2.7 UNICEFʼs Requirements for Child-Centred AI.......................................................................................70
8.2.8 Grondgedachten voor betrokkenheid....................................................................................................71
8.2.9 Why should children be taught about AI ethics?...................................................................................73
8.2.10 What should children know about AI?.................................................................................................73
3
, 8.2.11 Current research..................................................................................................................................74
4
Inhoud
1 cOLLEGE 22/02/ 22: introductie................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Wat is sociale ethiek?......................................................................................................................................5
1.1.1 Hoe wordt juist handelen beoordeeld?...................................................................................................6
1.2 moraal (morus : gewoonte)............................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 moraaltypes (5) :.....................................................................................................................................7
1 cOLLEGE 01/02/22: beginselenmoraal....................................................................................................... 11
1.1 Ethiek.............................................................................................................................................................11
1.1.1 Benaderingen van Ethiek.......................................................................................................................11
1.1.2 Problemen met de benaderingen.........................................................................................................14
1.1.3 Voorbeelden...........................................................................................................................................15
2 college 8/03/22: voor en nadelen.............................................................................................................. 16
2.1 Voor- en nadelen van de ethische theorie....................................................................................................16
2.1.1 Deontologische benadering van de ethiek (recht/plichtsethiek)..........................................................16
2.1.2 De gevolgethische benadering..............................................................................................................18
2.1.3 Deugdethische benadering....................................................................................................................19
2.1.4 video : right or wrong bedoeling om te bekijken welke mensen welke benadering maken ................21
3 college 29/ : kennisclips + Documentaires.......................................................................................22
Kennisclips: moraal.............................................................................................................................................22
3.1.1 Geweldsmoraal......................................................................................................................................22
3.1.2 Hechtingsmoraal....................................................................................................................................23
3.1.3 SamenwerkingSmoraal...........................................................................................................................23
3.1.4 ReinEgingsmoraal...................................................................................................................................23
3.1.5 Beginselenmoraal (ratio)........................................................................................................................23
Kennisclips Ethiek................................................................................................................................................24
3.2 kennisclips wat is ethiek................................................................................................................................24
3.2.1 Dna Ethiek..............................................................................................................................................24
3.2.2 Corroptio optimi pessima.......................................................................................................................24
3.3 Kennisclips: dEUGDETHIEK............................................................................................................................24
3.3.1 dEUGDETHIEK.........................................................................................................................................24
3.3.2 Deugdenethiek kritische kanttekening (Aristoteles)..............................................................................25
3.3.3 Deugdethiek: Felix Cupa.........................................................................................................................25
1
, 3.4 kENNISCLIPS ZORGETHIEK.............................................................................................................................25
3.4.1 zorgethiek: psychologie van het morele gedrag....................................................................................25
3.4.2 kOHLBERG: 3 stadia................................................................................................................................26
3.4.3 GilliGAN..................................................................................................................................................26
3.4.4 kUNNEMAN NORMATIEVE PROFESSIONALISERING..............................................................................27
3.4.5 Kunneman- kritische kanttekening “management” in zorg en welzijn..................................................27
3.4.6 pRESENTIETHEORIE................................................................................................................................28
3.5 Kennisclipst: gevolgETHISCHE BENADERING................................................................................................28
3.5.1 gevolgethiek...........................................................................................................................................28
3.5.2 Trollegology kanttekening......................................................................................................................28
3.5.3 Gevolgethiek kritiek (zondebok)............................................................................................................29
3.6 kennisclips Deontologische benadering........................................................................................................29
3.6.1 Plichtsethiek voor en nadelen................................................................................................................29
3.7 kennisclip Dialoog ethiek en drie wereldenmodel Habermas.......................................................................30
3.8 dOCUMENTAIRE “rekening van Catelijne”....................................................................................................31
3.8.1 ethische aspecten verbonden met deze problematiek.........................................................................31
3.9 Documentaire “ 50 cent”..............................................................................................................................31
4 College 19/04/ 22: opdracht dashboard samenleving, sociale woningen....................................................32
Bart wernaart: Normatieve ethiek en Moral Programming...............................................................................32
4.1 Wat voor ethiek kunnen we in systemen stoppen?......................................................................................32
4.2 Wat voor ethiek moeten we in systemen stoppen?......................................................................................34
4.3 Wie moet er uiteindelijk over gaan? (de ‘verantwoordelijkheidsvraag’).....................................................35
Opracht BAMPS: sociale woningen.....................................................................................................................36
4.4 Opdracht 1: 3 Belangrijke ethische vraagstukken........................................................................................36
4.5 Opdracht 2: Koppeling tss uiteenzetting Dr. Bart Wenaart en Dashboardsamenleving..............................36
4.5.1 Uitleg zoeken in het Webinar.................................................................................................................36
4.5.2 Koppeling tussen de twee:.....................................................................................................................37
5 college 2/05/22: dashboard samenleving..................................................................................................38
5.1 Opfrissing......................................................................................................................................................38
5.1.1 type 6: techno – ethiek..........................................................................................................................39
5.2 Waarom heet het boek de dashboardsamenleving?....................................................................................39
5.3 Concrete voorbeelden uit het nieuws: kindermishandeling..........................................................................40
5.3.1 Rol van wetenschappelijke studies en consequenties vanuit perspectief van ethiek...........................40
5.4 Tekst ‘journal of family psychology: spanking and child outcomes’.............................................................42
5.5 Tekst ‘Comparing Child Outcomes of Physical Punishment and Alternative Disciplinary Tactics4..............43
5.6 Tekst ‘ A meta – analysis of the published research on the affective, cognitieve, and behavioral effects of
coporal punischment...........................................................................................................................................43
5.7 pro en contra (uit vak ‘sociale psychologie’).................................................................................................44
2
, 5.8 Filmpje ‘wat doet kindermishandeling met een kinderbrein?’.....................................................................45
5.9 wAAR ZIT HET PROBLEEM MET TEChONOLGIE?...........................................................................................47
5.9.1 pARADOX VAN MORALITEIT (p 198)......................................................................................................47
6 College 03/05/22: dashboard samenleving................................................................................................ 49
6.1 presentietheorie............................................................................................................................................49
6.1.1 Dashboard: presentie verlening van technologie?................................................................................50
6.2 Ethische dilemma’s (naar aanleiding van technologie)................................................................................51
6.2.1 Teiresias dilemma...................................................................................................................................51
6.2.2 Nash dilemma.........................................................................................................................................52
6.2.3 MNEMOSYNE DILEMMA........................................................................................................................53
7 College 10/05: etische dillema’s................................................................................................................ 54
7.1 Digitaal geheugen vs. Psychisch welzijn......................................................................................................54
7.2 Ego-opticon dilemma....................................................................................................................................55
7.2.1 Cambridge Analytica – mag informatie worden gemanipuleerd voor de goede zaak?........................55
7.3 Arkin dilemma...............................................................................................................................................56
7.4 Morpheus dilemma.......................................................................................................................................56
7.4.1 Link met dashboardsamenleving...........................................................................................................56
7.4.2 Andere variant: Parrhasius dilemma......................................................................................................57
7.5 Informatie-utopie..........................................................................................................................................57
7.6 Besluit van ethische dilemma’s.....................................................................................................................59
7.7 Uit de pedagogische canon: Harry Kunneman over het morele actorschap van de leraar (artikel)............60
7.7.1 Pijlers humanistiek.................................................................................................................................60
7.7.2 Boek ‘Dikke ik idee’................................................................................................................................61
7.7.3 Normatieve professionalisering.............................................................................................................61
7.8 ‘Wie ben ik om iets te vinden van collega’s?’ Normatieve professionalisering en onderwijs (artikel).........62
7.8.1 Competentiedenken komt uit economische sector/management.......................................................62
7.8.2 Machtsproblematiek..............................................................................................................................62
8 cOLLEGE 17/05/22: bruikbare instrumenten voor ethiek............................................................................64
8.1 Ethisch stappenplan......................................................................................................................................64
8.2 AI ethics & engagement with children & young people – Mhairi Aitken | Computing education research.66
8.2.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................66
8.2.2 Waarom AL.............................................................................................................................................66
8.2.3 What is AI Ethics?...................................................................................................................................67
8.2.4 Ethical principles....................................................................................................................................68
8.2.5 Epistemic and Normative Concernsµ.....................................................................................................69
8.2.6 Why does this matter for children and young people?.........................................................................70
8.2.7 UNICEFʼs Requirements for Child-Centred AI.......................................................................................70
8.2.8 Grondgedachten voor betrokkenheid....................................................................................................71
8.2.9 Why should children be taught about AI ethics?...................................................................................73
8.2.10 What should children know about AI?.................................................................................................73
3
, 8.2.11 Current research..................................................................................................................................74
4
