Unit 14: Physiological Disorders and their Care
P1:
Type two diabetes:
A physiological problem is an illness that interferes with the body's ability to carry out its
activities. Certain repercussions will be evident in the body as a result of the wrong
functioning. These can be caused by a variety of factors, depending on the body system and
the functions that aren't performing properly. For example, there could be insufficient or
excessive levels of a certain material, degeneration of specific cell types, or pathway
obstructions. A condition that affects the functioning of one bodily system often has
ramifications for other body systems and how they function. (Pearsonactivelearn.com, 2022)
Diabetes is an insulin metabolism condition. Diabetes can be divided into two categories.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose and blood sugar
metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is a frequent illness in which the blood sugar (glucose) level
rises to dangerously high levels. Complications with a substance in the body called insulin (a
hormone) cause it. When the body grows resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is unable
to produce enough insulin, type 2 diabetes occurs. It's a long-term disorder that affects how
your body metabolises sugar (glucose), which is a critical source of energy. Type 2 diabetes
occurs when your body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that controls the
flow of sugar into your cells — or produces insufficient insulin to maintain normal glucose
levels. Type 2 diabetes was previously known as adult-onset diabetes, but more children are
now being diagnosed with the disease, possibly as a result of the rise in juvenile obesity.
Type 2 diabetes has no cure, but it can be managed by decreasing weight, eating healthy,
and exercising. If diet and exercise alone aren't enough to keep blood sugar under control,
diabetes medicines or insulin therapy may be required. (Mayo Clinic, 2022)
Type 2 diabetes can be caused by a variety of factors. Obesity is a significant risk factor for
type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, does not require being overweight.
Another diabetes risk factor is that those who store fat primarily in their belly have a higher
risk of type 2 diabetes than those who store fat elsewhere, such as their hips and thighs. If
you're a male with a waist circumference of more than 40 inches (101.6 centimetres) or a
female with a waist circumference of more than 35 inches, you're more likely to develop
type 2 diabetes (88.9 centimetres). Lack of activity is another factor that contributes to type
2 diabetes, as the less active a person is, the higher their risk of developing the disease.
Physical activity helps individuals maintain a healthy weight, burns glucose for energy, and
makes their cells more insulin-sensitive. Although many people with type 2 diabetes have at
least one close family member with the condition, such as a parent or sibling, there is no
obvious pattern of inheritance. With the number of affected family members, the risk of
having type 2 diabetes rises. For example, if either mother or father has diabetes, the
chance of developing diabetes rises by 15%; if both mother and father have diabetes, the
risk rises by 75%; if a non-identical twin has diabetes, the risk rises by 10%; and if an
, identical twin has diabetes, the risk rises by 90%. Several genes have been discovered as
susceptibility genes, implying that those who possess these genes have a higher risk of
acquiring diabetes. 2020 (Diabetes) Age is another risk factor for diabetes. As people get
older, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases, especially after the age of 45.
Because some people exercise less as they get older, they lose muscle mass and gain weight.
Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is on the rise among children, adolescents, and young
adults. Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than usual but not
high enough to be classified as diabetes. Prediabetes can lead to type 2 diabetes.
Prediabetes can progress to type 2 diabetes if left untreated. Furthermore, a person's risk of
having type 2 diabetes increases if they suffer from gestational diabetes while pregnant.
They're also at risk for type 2 diabetes if they have a baby that weighs more than 9 pounds
(4 kilogrammes). (Healthline, 2022)
Diet may also play a role in type 2 diabetes. Highly processed carbohydrates, such as those
prepared with white flour, white sugar, or white rice, are essentially entire foods devoid of
important bran and fibre, as well as beneficial vitamins and minerals. Calories devoid of
nutrients and heavy in sugar are the leading causes of type 2 diabetes because they digest
quickly, implying that these foods might cause blood sugar and insulin levels to surge. High
cholesterol is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and unhealthy saturated and trans fats can
raise cholesterol levels in the blood. Saturated fats can be found in fatty meats, butters, and
full-fat milk and cheese, whereas trans fats can be found in packaged baked goods and fried
foods in restaurants. Type 2 diabetes is connected to both red meat and processed red meat.
Processed meats, such as bacon, hot dogs, and deli meats, are particularly harmful due to
their high salt and nitrite content. Sugary drinks such as sodas, sweet teas, and lemonade
have been associated to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, likely because the extra calories
produce weight gain and the sugar load increases insulin resistance.(Healthline, 2022)
There could also be lifestyle causes of type 2 diabetes such as smoking. Studies have
recognised a link between smoking and the risk of developing diabetes (one study even
showed that second-hand smoke increased risk). However, the link is not as clear as with
obesity and lack of physical activity. Furthermore, quitting smoking is occasionally
accompanied by weight gain. Therefore those who choose to quit smoking need to
ensure they do regular exercise because the weight gain after smoking increases risk of
diabetes. (Type2Diabetes.com, 2022) Environmental factors may cause diabetes as
chemicals in food, water, plastic packaging, and cleaning and beauty care products have
all been found to increase insulin resistance and diabetes. (Diabetes Self Management,
2022) Type 2 diabetes is thought to be triggered by a chain reaction that damages
essential insulin-producing cells. The disorder, in which the body loses its ability to
control blood sugar levels, could be triggered by a faulty protein called amyloid. Previous
research has suggested that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes require the chemical
IL-1beta, which is involved in inflammatory reactions. Increased IL-1beta levels are a risk
P1:
Type two diabetes:
A physiological problem is an illness that interferes with the body's ability to carry out its
activities. Certain repercussions will be evident in the body as a result of the wrong
functioning. These can be caused by a variety of factors, depending on the body system and
the functions that aren't performing properly. For example, there could be insufficient or
excessive levels of a certain material, degeneration of specific cell types, or pathway
obstructions. A condition that affects the functioning of one bodily system often has
ramifications for other body systems and how they function. (Pearsonactivelearn.com, 2022)
Diabetes is an insulin metabolism condition. Diabetes can be divided into two categories.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose and blood sugar
metabolism. Type 2 diabetes is a frequent illness in which the blood sugar (glucose) level
rises to dangerously high levels. Complications with a substance in the body called insulin (a
hormone) cause it. When the body grows resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is unable
to produce enough insulin, type 2 diabetes occurs. It's a long-term disorder that affects how
your body metabolises sugar (glucose), which is a critical source of energy. Type 2 diabetes
occurs when your body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that controls the
flow of sugar into your cells — or produces insufficient insulin to maintain normal glucose
levels. Type 2 diabetes was previously known as adult-onset diabetes, but more children are
now being diagnosed with the disease, possibly as a result of the rise in juvenile obesity.
Type 2 diabetes has no cure, but it can be managed by decreasing weight, eating healthy,
and exercising. If diet and exercise alone aren't enough to keep blood sugar under control,
diabetes medicines or insulin therapy may be required. (Mayo Clinic, 2022)
Type 2 diabetes can be caused by a variety of factors. Obesity is a significant risk factor for
type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, does not require being overweight.
Another diabetes risk factor is that those who store fat primarily in their belly have a higher
risk of type 2 diabetes than those who store fat elsewhere, such as their hips and thighs. If
you're a male with a waist circumference of more than 40 inches (101.6 centimetres) or a
female with a waist circumference of more than 35 inches, you're more likely to develop
type 2 diabetes (88.9 centimetres). Lack of activity is another factor that contributes to type
2 diabetes, as the less active a person is, the higher their risk of developing the disease.
Physical activity helps individuals maintain a healthy weight, burns glucose for energy, and
makes their cells more insulin-sensitive. Although many people with type 2 diabetes have at
least one close family member with the condition, such as a parent or sibling, there is no
obvious pattern of inheritance. With the number of affected family members, the risk of
having type 2 diabetes rises. For example, if either mother or father has diabetes, the
chance of developing diabetes rises by 15%; if both mother and father have diabetes, the
risk rises by 75%; if a non-identical twin has diabetes, the risk rises by 10%; and if an
, identical twin has diabetes, the risk rises by 90%. Several genes have been discovered as
susceptibility genes, implying that those who possess these genes have a higher risk of
acquiring diabetes. 2020 (Diabetes) Age is another risk factor for diabetes. As people get
older, their risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases, especially after the age of 45.
Because some people exercise less as they get older, they lose muscle mass and gain weight.
Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is on the rise among children, adolescents, and young
adults. Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than usual but not
high enough to be classified as diabetes. Prediabetes can lead to type 2 diabetes.
Prediabetes can progress to type 2 diabetes if left untreated. Furthermore, a person's risk of
having type 2 diabetes increases if they suffer from gestational diabetes while pregnant.
They're also at risk for type 2 diabetes if they have a baby that weighs more than 9 pounds
(4 kilogrammes). (Healthline, 2022)
Diet may also play a role in type 2 diabetes. Highly processed carbohydrates, such as those
prepared with white flour, white sugar, or white rice, are essentially entire foods devoid of
important bran and fibre, as well as beneficial vitamins and minerals. Calories devoid of
nutrients and heavy in sugar are the leading causes of type 2 diabetes because they digest
quickly, implying that these foods might cause blood sugar and insulin levels to surge. High
cholesterol is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and unhealthy saturated and trans fats can
raise cholesterol levels in the blood. Saturated fats can be found in fatty meats, butters, and
full-fat milk and cheese, whereas trans fats can be found in packaged baked goods and fried
foods in restaurants. Type 2 diabetes is connected to both red meat and processed red meat.
Processed meats, such as bacon, hot dogs, and deli meats, are particularly harmful due to
their high salt and nitrite content. Sugary drinks such as sodas, sweet teas, and lemonade
have been associated to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, likely because the extra calories
produce weight gain and the sugar load increases insulin resistance.(Healthline, 2022)
There could also be lifestyle causes of type 2 diabetes such as smoking. Studies have
recognised a link between smoking and the risk of developing diabetes (one study even
showed that second-hand smoke increased risk). However, the link is not as clear as with
obesity and lack of physical activity. Furthermore, quitting smoking is occasionally
accompanied by weight gain. Therefore those who choose to quit smoking need to
ensure they do regular exercise because the weight gain after smoking increases risk of
diabetes. (Type2Diabetes.com, 2022) Environmental factors may cause diabetes as
chemicals in food, water, plastic packaging, and cleaning and beauty care products have
all been found to increase insulin resistance and diabetes. (Diabetes Self Management,
2022) Type 2 diabetes is thought to be triggered by a chain reaction that damages
essential insulin-producing cells. The disorder, in which the body loses its ability to
control blood sugar levels, could be triggered by a faulty protein called amyloid. Previous
research has suggested that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes require the chemical
IL-1beta, which is involved in inflammatory reactions. Increased IL-1beta levels are a risk
