Comprehensive Basic Science Exam (CBSE) Review Set I
Chagas Disease - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite
passed in the feces of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that
participates in phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: multifactorial but typically involves
arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial
infection such as Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
,Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Failure of Golgi apparatus to
phosphorylate mannose 6-phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes
resulting in accumulation of lysosomal enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Aqualitative test to determine
defects in NADPH oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: inability to
produce NADPH oxidase; susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/
normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Structurally similar to TCAs w/
anticholinergic side effects used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia &
worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Cilated, motile trophozoites w/
corkscrew-like motility
, Autism - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, &
separation anxiety; repetitious behavior
Emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC;
TLC, FRC, & RV increase
Parathyroid hormone(PTH) vs phosphate in hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅: PTH: rapid & direct
Phosphate: slow & indirect
ANP: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Afib, Ch-1p, NPPA gene mutation causing binding
interference,- decrease cGMP
Failure of development of 3rd or 4th pharyngeal pouches - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅:
DiGeorge syndrome (CATCH 22): truncus arteriosus & agenesis of parathyroid glands
May also be associated w/ failure of thymus to develop -> T lymphocytes w/ CD3
marker
Huntington disease - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: PCR is the most common method to
est. # of CAGs
Both the coding & template strands bind the forward & reverse primers on 3' end
Pyrmidine Dimers - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: BRAF gain of function mutation
causing covalant thymine (or Cystine) bonds normally repaired thru NER in the G1
phase by endonuclease recognition then excision (DNA polymerase then fills; ligase
then reseals)
Xeroderma pigmentosum - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Mutation of NER
endonuclease from UV radiation disrupting DNA replication due to the oligonucleotides
remaining damaged
DNA Polymerase I - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Removal of both leading & lagging
RNA primers 5' to 3' (unique)
Proofreading of mismatch nucleotides via 3' to 5' exonuclease & elongation of lagging
strand 5' to 3' (universal)
Topoisomerase - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Enzyme that functions in DNA
replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork.
Teniposide - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Topoisomerase II inhibitor acting in the S
phase & G2 phase:
S phase: prevents proper unwinding of supercoils & reannealing of DNA
Chagas Disease - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite
passed in the feces of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that
participates in phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: multifactorial but typically involves
arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial
infection such as Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
,Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Failure of Golgi apparatus to
phosphorylate mannose 6-phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes
resulting in accumulation of lysosomal enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Aqualitative test to determine
defects in NADPH oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: inability to
produce NADPH oxidase; susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/
normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Structurally similar to TCAs w/
anticholinergic side effects used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia &
worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Cilated, motile trophozoites w/
corkscrew-like motility
, Autism - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, &
separation anxiety; repetitious behavior
Emphysema - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC;
TLC, FRC, & RV increase
Parathyroid hormone(PTH) vs phosphate in hypercalcemia - CORRECT ANSWER
✅✅: PTH: rapid & direct
Phosphate: slow & indirect
ANP: - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Afib, Ch-1p, NPPA gene mutation causing binding
interference,- decrease cGMP
Failure of development of 3rd or 4th pharyngeal pouches - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅:
DiGeorge syndrome (CATCH 22): truncus arteriosus & agenesis of parathyroid glands
May also be associated w/ failure of thymus to develop -> T lymphocytes w/ CD3
marker
Huntington disease - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: PCR is the most common method to
est. # of CAGs
Both the coding & template strands bind the forward & reverse primers on 3' end
Pyrmidine Dimers - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: BRAF gain of function mutation
causing covalant thymine (or Cystine) bonds normally repaired thru NER in the G1
phase by endonuclease recognition then excision (DNA polymerase then fills; ligase
then reseals)
Xeroderma pigmentosum - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Mutation of NER
endonuclease from UV radiation disrupting DNA replication due to the oligonucleotides
remaining damaged
DNA Polymerase I - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Removal of both leading & lagging
RNA primers 5' to 3' (unique)
Proofreading of mismatch nucleotides via 3' to 5' exonuclease & elongation of lagging
strand 5' to 3' (universal)
Topoisomerase - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Enzyme that functions in DNA
replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork.
Teniposide - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅: Topoisomerase II inhibitor acting in the S
phase & G2 phase:
S phase: prevents proper unwinding of supercoils & reannealing of DNA
