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Biologie bijspijkeren samenvatting OP2 HBO-V

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Alle onderwerpen die aan bod komen in OP2 van de bijspijkercursus staan samengevat. Dankzij deze samenvatting heb ik bio OP2 afgesloten met een 9, hopelijk hebben jullie er wat aan en heel veel succes!

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BIO SAMENVATTING OP2

INHOUDSOPGAVE
WEEK 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 3
FUNCTIES ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
VOEDINGSSTOFFEN ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
NUMMERS ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
NEDERLANDSE BENAMINGEN ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
LATIJNSE BENAMINGEN ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
MONDHOLTE ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
MAAG .................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DIKKE DARM .......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
DUNNE DARM........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
LEVER ..................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ALVLEESKLIER ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
WEEK 2 .................................................................................................................................................. 12
FUNCTIES NIEREN .............................................................................................................................. 12
BOUW VAN NIER ............................................................................................................................... 13
NIER TOPOGRAFIE ............................................................................................................................. 14
NEFRON ............................................................................................................................................. 15
3 MECHANISMEN .............................................................................................................................. 16
URINE................................................................................................................................................. 16
TRANSPORT, OPSLAG EN VERWIJDERING VAN URINE ...................................................................... 17
CONTROLE OP DE ZUURSTOFTRANSPORTCAPACITEIT...................................................................... 19
REGULATIE VAN BLOEDDRUK: ........................................................................................................... 20
RENINE HORMOON ........................................................................................................................... 20
WEEK 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 21
DE PANCREAS .................................................................................................................................... 22
BIJSCHILDKLIER .................................................................................................................................. 23
HYPOTHALAMUS ............................................................................................................................... 23
HYPOFYSE .......................................................................................................................................... 23
SCHILDKLIER (glandulae thryoidea) ................................................................................................... 24
BIJSCHILDKLIEREN (parathyroideae) ................................................................................................. 24
WEEK 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 27

,ANATOMISCHE INDELING.................................................................................................................. 27
FYSIOLOGISCHE INDELING ................................................................................................................. 28
ZENUWWEEFSEL................................................................................................................................ 29
REFLEX ROUTE ....................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
VENTRIKELSYSTEEM .......................................................................................................................... 32

,WEEK 1
SPIJSVERTERING
FUNCTIES
1. Metabolisme
Het beschikbaar stellen aan het circulatiestelsel van substraten (energiebronnen en
bouwstoffen)
2. Eten
Opname van voedsel uit het m.e.
3. Kauwen
Mechanische afbraak van het voedsel in kleinere delen
4. Slikken en peristaltiek
Transport van het voedsel door het spijsverteringskanaal
5. Vertering
Ontleding van het voedsel door enzymen tot substraten
6. Resorptie
Overdracht van substraten aan de circulatie
7. Defecatie
Uitscheiding van de resten van de voedselafbraak

VOEDINGSSTOFFEN
Er zijn verschillende voedingstoffen in eten aanwezig
1. Suikers
2. Vetten
3. Eiwitten
4. Mineralen
5. Vitaminen
6. Water

We verdelen ze in micro- en macrovoedingsmiddelen. Elke voedingsstof heeft zijn eigen
functie.
Microvoedingsmiddelen
- water / bouw
- Mineralen / bouw
- vitamines / afweer

macrovoedingsmiddelen
- koolhydraten / brandstof
- vetten / brandstof
- eiwitten / bouw
Vitaminen worden in twee groepen verdeeld:
1. in vet oplosbare vitaminen (A, D, E en K)
2. in water oplosbare vitaminen (B en C).

, Het spijsverteringskanaal is de holle verbinding tussen mondholte en anus. De lengte is
ongeveer acht meter.
Aan het spijsverteringskanaal onderscheiden we:
1. mond- holte, keelholte
2. slokdarm
3. maag
4. dunne darm en dikke darm.

Enkele organen staan in verbinding met het spijs- verteringskanaal. Ze ondersteunen de
spijsvertering.
Het zijn:
1. de speekselklieren
2. de alvleesklier
3. de lever
4. de galblaas.

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