Gr 12 genetics and genetic engineering summary and class notes

✗q☒f ~~
A branch
hereditary
in

and
bid ◦
variation
99ᵗ




> locus : position of a
gene on a
Gene
of
pair homologous chromosomes
→
Each cell cont
>
gene
: a short piece ↳
Only certain
g
DNA molecule
↳ Others
of a are su
which often codes for
→
Others have a ro
↳ Become inactiv
a particular inherited
characteristic
→
Some are
genes
↳ make protiens

↳
others are ina

→ 2 % of DNA c
Allele
genes responsible
for different variants
:
coding
of a
gene ( passed offspring in
to a chromosome


in the the sex )
gamete made
during meosis in organs
Genetic Dia
•
Nearly all somatic cells have an exact
copy
of all the
genes
in an
organism
( Not mature RBC → no nuclei ) key : T -


tall plant

•
Bc ( paternal + maternal ) Parental 1
there are 2 of each chromosome
; each
phenotypes
cell contains 2 of each kind of → different versions alleles
gene
→




Parental 1
genotypes
:



Gene pool
•

set of all in
sexually




1
: the
genes a
population of



reproducing organisms
'
small
gene Pool
: increased < large gene pool :
high genetic t
extinction
possibility of
diversity → increased survival chance



t


Mono Test Fi
hybrid Cross genotypes
:
:
: a

know
terminology
-




between
cross
parents with
Fi
practice genetic problems phenotypes
:
-




different alleles


B.
genotypes
:




Tt T

, ]☒?) µµµJf (
Mon
comp




Mendel's law of Dominance

In for
a cross of parents that are pure contrasting
traits, the dominant trait will
only a
pear in the
phenotype
Recessive alleles will
always be masked
by dominant
alleles
↳
.




occurs between

purebreds
-




Test question : How does M
explain the cha




↳ back to m
go



Merida's law of
Segrigation
During meiosis ,
allele pairs separate ( segrigate ) so

that the have
gametes a
single allele for each

characteristic