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Zusammenfassung Genetik

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Biologie
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Zusammenfassung der Themen: - DNA & RNA - DNA - Replikation - Semikonservative Replikation - Proteinbiosynthese (Genexpression) - Genregulation (Prokaryoten) - Mutationen

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Biologie Genetik Klasse 12


Genetik
Struktur der DNA & RNA

Nucleotid




Nucleosid

Chargaff Regel: 2 Basen treten immer ähnlich häufig auf → Adenin & Thymin (2 H-
Brücken), Cytosin & Guanin (3 H-Brücken) bzw. Adenin & Uracil (RNA)
Doppelhelix: zwei DNA-Stränge verlaufen anitparallel, spiralförmig zueinander
DNA RNA
Doppelstrang Einzelstrang
Zucker: Desoxyribose Zucker: Ribose
Thymin Uracil anstelle von Thymin


DNA-Replikation




1
Silke Redecker

, Biologie Genetik Klasse 12


Somikonservative DNA-Replikation




Helicase Löst die H-Brücken zwischen den
Basen
RNA-Primer Ansatzstelle für DNA-Polymerase;
später herausgeschnitten & durch DNA-
Stück ersetzt
Primase Synthetisiert RNA-Primer
DNA-Ligase Verbindet die Okazaki Fragmente des
Folgestrangs
DNA-Polymerase Verknüpft die freien Nukloetide bzw.
Basen mit dem Originalstrang
Okazaki Fragment Da die DNA-Replikation nur von der 5‘
in die 3‘ Richtung verläuft bzw. die
Polymerase nur in diese Richtung
arbeitet, entstehen beim Folgestrang
Fragmente, die später zusammengefügt
werden




2
Silke Redecker

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1
Uploaded on
June 14, 2022
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Browse related subjects

Subjects

  • biologie
  • bio
  • genetik
  • gentechnik
  • klasse12
  • dna
  • rna
  • replikation
  • proteinbiosynthese
  • genexpression
  • genregulation
  • prokaryoten
  • mutation
  • 12

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