Summary Biology Paper 1 Topic Notes

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Summary Biology Paper 1 Topic Notes

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Summarised and well presented Biology Paper 1 Notes for: - Cell differentiation / specialisation - Monoclonal antibodies - Food test required practical - Microscopy required practical - Digestive system and enzymes * I have used information from Cognito and the CGP guides and have used photos from Cognito - for AQA exam board

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Monoclonal
t t t t t t t t t t Antibodies
tt t t t t tt t t

thatcan

Therat isinjectedwitha chosenantigen
which causesthemouseto produce
B lymphocytes type of WBC

TheotherendoftheMABcan carrydrugs fluorescentproteinsandradioactivesubstanceswhichcantherefore betransportedto
specificcellsin thebodyforspecifictasks including
Delivering a toxic drug tocancer cells to stopgrowthanddivisionwithout harmingany healthycells
Locatingspecificmoleculeson a cellor tissue bybeingboundto a fluorescent dye

PREGNANCY TESTS USE POSITIVESEESNEGATIVES

so thesideeffects with
4 Control window whether the regardsto illnessessuchascancer willbelower

personis pregnant or not theycanalsobeproducedquitequickly
there willbe excess mobile
antibodies with bluedye
ppg ppg ppg
antibodiesspecific to
HCG The
mobile antibodies withblue Disadvantages
stillcausefevers vomitingand lowblood
can
dye willbind here causing pressure whichwasn't originallyexpected

ReactionYnet canalsobequiteexpensive
2 Fivebeads
attachedtomobile monoclonal

Theyarespecificto
antibodies
HCGwhichis in a pregnant
womans urine
1 Teststrip theladyurinateson
strip

, Cell
I t t t Differentiation
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t and
tt t Specialisation
t t t t t tttt tttt t

Differentiation
istheprocessbywhich acellchangestobecomespecialisedforitsjo
Inananimalcelltheabilitytodifferentiateislostatanearlyage
Howevermostplantcells
neverlosethisability
Undifferentiated cellsare called stemcells

SPERMcellsare agameteandtheyessentiallygetthemaleDnatothefemaleDNA
Theyhavealongtailflagellum tohelpitswimtotheegg

iii iii i
breakdowntheegg'smembrane
Lotsofmitochondriatoprovidethecellwiththeenergy itneeds

NERVEcells electrical signals
fromonebodypart to another
carry

Myelin sheathsurroundstheaxonand is made from proteinandfatty
acidswhichallowelectrical impulsestotransmitquickly
Long to allowthem to cover a further distance
Branched connections
to connectto othernervecellsand form a network
MUSCLE cellscontracttoproducemovement inthebody

Longsotheyhaveenoughspaceto contract

Containlots
ofmitochondriatogeneratetheenergythat
is neededforcontractions

ROOTHAIRcellsarefoundonthesurfaceofrootsandabsorbwaterandmineral

areatoincreasetherateof absorptionof water
Largesurface
andminerals

respiration to
providetheenergyneeded foractivetransport

T.FIjiIjÉ
PHLOEMandXYLEMtransportsubstancessuchasfoodandwateraroundtheplant

Longandjoinedendtoendtoformthetubes

are nowand
structures sosubstancescanflowthroughthem

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Study: GCSE
School year: 200
Uploaded on: June 12, 2022
Number of pages: 5
Written in: 2021/2022
Type: Summary

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biology
aqa
science
gcse
microscopy
specialised cells
differentiation
mab’s
monoclonal antibodies
digestive system
enzymes
food tests

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