Concepts of Chemical Dependency 9th Edition by Harold E. Doweiko - Test Bank.

Concepts of Chemical Dependency 9th Edition by Harold E. Doweiko - Test Bank. 1.Theearliestwritenrecordofwine-makingisfoundin anddatesbackto3,0 0B.C.E. a.Sumeria b.Rome c.Egypt d.Gre ce ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ABriefHistoryofAlcohol 2.Evidencesugeststhatbermadefrom ingredientsotherthanfermentedhoneymightdateback to a.3,00B.C.E. b.5,0 0B.C.E. c.7,0 0B.C.E. d.9,0 0B.C.E. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ABriefHistoryofAlcohol 3. ProhibitionintheUnitedStatescouldbedescribedasa socialexperiment. d ful tive al ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ABriefHistoryofAlcohol 4. Presently, percentofthehumanpopulationisintoxicatedatanygivenmoment. a.0.25 b.0.5 c.0.7 d.1.2 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:AlcoholToday 5. Jamalwilhaveanocasionalglas ofwinewithdin er,doesnotrequiredailyuseofalcoholto function,hasnever hadanynegativeconsequencesduetohisdrinking,anddoesnotusealcoholforcontinuousperiods oftime.Jamal wouldmostlikelybeconsidered newithanalcoholad iction. newithanalcoholabuseproblem. edrinker. orsocialdrinker. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:AWorkingDefinitionofRareorSocialDrinking 6.Themostpopularalcohol-containingbeverageintheUnitedStatesis r. . ey. . ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ScopeofAlcoholUseintheUnitedStatesToday 7.Ingeneral,peakblodalcoholevelsaftertheingestionofsinglealcoholicdrinkareachievedin minutes. a.5-10 b.15-25 c.30-60 d.70-90 ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:35 8. Currently,scientistsbelievethatalcoholisa“dirty”compound.Thismeans olshowsapreferenceforaspecificreceptorsite. oldecreasestheeffectsofGABA. olgetscontaminatedduringthefermentationproces. olalterstheactionofvariousneurotransmitersandinterfereswiththeactionofmesenger molecules withintheneuron. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyofEthylAlcohol 9. Whichofthefolowingdrugsaredangeroustomixwithalcohol? a.Nitroglycerine b.Barbiturates c.Opiates d.Aloftheseanswers ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:MedicalComplicationsofAlcoholUsefortheSocialDrinker 10.Acordingtoyourtext,manyhistoriansbelieve olwasthecauseoftheProtestantreformationinEurope. olwasonereasonfortheexpansionoftheRomanempire. olmayhavebe nonefactorintheriseofcivilization. ewingofalcoholresultedinthewidespreadaplicationofthenewscienceofbiochemistry thatemerged duringthemid-13thcentury. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Introduction 1 .Acordingtosourcescitedinyourtext,thereisevidencethatheconsumptionofmeadcanbe tracedback “stoneages.” b.18,0 0years. c.2,0 0years. 8thcenturyB.C.E. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ABriefHistoryofAlcohol 12.Acordingtoyourtext,thehighestconcentrationofalcoholthatcanbeachievedfrom fermentationisabout a.2 percent. b.28percent. c.15percent. d.8percent. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:AlcoholToday 13.Historicalevidencesugeststhatheproces ofdistilationemerged 80 A.D. 8,0 0B.C.E. c.80 yearsago. d.1,80 yearsago. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ABriefHistoryofAlcohol 14.Onemajorconsequenceofdistilationis fthevitaminsandmineralsfoundinthemashpriortodistilationarelost. notachieveanalcoholevelhigherthan30percent. avorisenhanced,butonlyforproductsmadefrom certainspeciesofgrapes. ecesarytowarm theresultingfluidtobodytemperaturetoserveit. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:HowAlcoholicBeveragesAreProducedToday 15. Acordingtoyourtext,alofthefolowingaremethodsbywhichalcoholhasbenintroducedinto thebody EXCEPT . dermaladministration. por. venously. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyofEthylAlcohol 16. Asageneralrule,the canbiotransform alcoholatherateofone12-ouncecanof ber,oneglas of wine,oronestandarddrinkperhour. num eas mate ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBiotransformationofAlcohol 17. Alofthefolowingareendproductsofthealcoholbiotransformationproces EXCEPT ydedehydrogenase. se. ndioxide. hydrates. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBiotransformationofAlcohol 18. WhichofthefolowingisagodsummaryoftheMelanbyeffect,acordingtoyourtext? a.Apersonfelsmoreintoxicatedwhenthealcoholevelsarefaling,aftertheneuronshavebe n affectedby thealcoholmolecules. b.Apersonfelsmoreintoxicatedastheblo dalcoholevelisrising c.Thealcoholingestedcausesthebodytobecomestimulated. d.Thealcoholingestedcausesthereleaseofopioidpeptidesintheperipheralregionsofthebody. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBlo dAlcoholLevel(BAL) 19.Thesenseofeuphoriathatmanydrinkersreportistheresultof leaseofopioidpeptidesintheperipheralregionsofthebody,whicheventualyreachthe brain’spleasure centerandacountsforalcohol’sslowonsetofaction. ol’sabilitytostimulatethereleaseofalcoholdehydrogenaseinthestomach. ol’sabilitytostimulatethebrain’srewardsystem. leaseofglucosebytheliver,directlycausingtherewardcascadeinthebrain. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBiotransformationofAlcohol 20.Afriendofyoursisararedrinker,perhapsdrinkingoneortwomixeddrinksamonthwhenoutfor din er.You knowthiswil asethatperson’sriskofahemorrhagicstroke. vemuscleco rdinationasthealcoholremovesdoubtsandinhibitions. verespiration,alowingmoreoxygenatedblodtoreachthemusclesandbrain. vevisualperipheralfieldperception,alowingthepersontose andthenanticipatetactics usedby defensiveplayers. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:MedicalComplicationsofAlcoholUsefortheSocialDrinker 21.Thedisinhibitioneffectinducedbyalcoholiscausedbyitseffectsontheactivityofthe regionofthe drinker’sbrain. ocampus ularactivatingsystem (RAS) x tal ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:SubjectiveEffectsofAlcoholontheIndividualatNormalDosesintheSocialDrinker 2 .Acordingtoyourtext,thealcoholrelated“hangover” ficientocausethedrinker’sdeath. f-limitingforthosedrinkerswhoingestedles than8cansofberormixeddrinks. avoidedifthedrinkeringestsfo dpriortodrinking. eralyself-limiting,althoughveryunpleasant. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:MedicalComplicationsofAlcoholUsefortheSocialDrinker 23.Acordingtoyourtext,whichofthefolowingindividualswouldyounormalyexpectohavethe lowestblo d alcoholevel? a. A160-poundmanwhoconsumed14standarddrinksovera3hourspanoftime b.A160-poundmanwhoconsumed8standdrinksovera3hourspanoftime c.A160-poundmanwhoconsumed4standarddrinksovera3hourspanoftime. d.A180-poundmanwhoconsumed16standarddrinksovera3hourspanoftime. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBlo dAlcoholLevel(BAL) 24.Youraunt,whosuffersfrom sle papnea,likestohavea“we shotofbrandy”beforegoingto bedtohelphersle p beter.Basedonyourtextbok,this p res orimprovethesymptomsofslepapnea. acerbatethesymptomsofsle papnea. venoeffectonhersle papneasymptoms. velitleeffectonhersle papneaifshewaits20minutesbeforegoingtobed. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:MedicalComplicationsofAlcoholUsefortheSocialDrinker 25.Therearenosignificantlong-term neurocognitiveeffectsfrom alcoholbecause rovesblo dflowtothecortexofthebrain. reasesendorphinreleaseinthecortexofthebrain. rovesblo doxygenationlevelsandstimulatestheproductionofre radicalsinthebrain. ftheabove. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:MedicalComplicationsofAlcoholUsefortheSocialDrinker 26.Asaphysicianondutyintheemergencyro m,youcouldexpect olingestionwouldmakedrinkerssorelaxedthatheywouldsufferfewerheadinjuriesthan nondrinkers insimilarautomobileacidents. halfofthepatientsyouse whohaveatraumaticinjurywilhavebe ndrinkingimmediately priortothe incident. vedsurvivalratesfordrinkers,whowouldbemorelikelytobethrownfrom avehicleduring an acident. ationshipbetwe ntheindividual’salcoholusestatusandhisorherhavingsuffereda traumaticinjuryof somekind. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:MedicalComplicationsofAlcoholUsefortheSocialDrinker 27.Acordingtoyourtext,whydopeopleconsumealcohol? ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:WhyDoPeopleConsumeAlcohol? 28.E xplainwhatismeantwhenalcoholisdescribedasa“dirty”compound. ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyofEthylAlcohol 29.Whataresomeofthefactorsthatmayaffectheblo dalcoholevel(BAL)? ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBlo dAlcoholLevel(BAL) 30.Describethesymptomsandtreatmentsforhangovers.Whatisbelievedtobethebasiccausal factor(s)ofa hangover? ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:MedicalComplicationsofAlcoholUsefortheSocialDrinker 31.D escribethecharacteristicsofarare,orsocial,drinker. ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:AWorkingDefinitionofRareorSocialDrinking 1.Whatpercentageofadultsinthewesternworldwiluseabenzodiazepineeachyear? a.1-2percent b.5-8percent c.10-15percent d.20-2 percent ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Introduction 2.Itisimposibletooverdoseonabenzodiazepine. a.True b.False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:SubjectiveEffectsofBenzodiazepinesatNormalDosageLevels 3.Benzodiazepinesarerarelyinjectedintomuscletisueduetotheirerraticabsorption.One exceptiontothisiswhena patientisexperiencing tatack. rdoseofheroin. ium tremors. ure. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 4.Benzodiazepinesenhancetheeffectsof onin. b.GABA. ine. olites. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 5. Themedicalcommunitycolectivelyusesbenzodiazepinesforthelong-term treatmentofanxiety. a.True b.False ANSWER: False POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Side-EffectsoftheBenzodiazepinesWhenUsedAtNormalDosageLevels 6. TheRoyalColegeofPsychiatristsinGreatBritainrecommendsthatbenzodiazepinesbeusedfor nolongthan continuously. a.4we ks b. 8weks c.6months d.12months ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Neuroadaptationto,Abuseof,andAd ictionto,theBenzodiazepines 7.Acommonform ofbenzodiazepineabuseiswhentheyaremixedwith toproducea senseofeuphoria. licsteroids turates done uana ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Neuroadaptationto,Abuseof,andAd ictionto,theBenzodiazepines 8.Benzodiazepinecaninterferewith lfunction. . y. heseanswers. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Side-EffectsoftheBenzodiazepinesWhenUsedAtNormalDosageLevels 9.Itispotentialydangeroustomixbenzodiazepineswithmanyprescriptionandover-the-counter drugsorherbal sup lements. a.True b.False ANSWER: True POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Neuroadaptationto,Abuseof,andAd ictionto,theBenzodiazepines 10.Whichhypnoticdrugworksbybindingwiththemelatoninreceptorinthebrain? a.Zolpidem b.Buspirone c.Ramelteon d.Rohypnol ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBenzodiazepineReceptorAntagonists(Z-CompoundsorBRAs) 1 .AlofthefolowingdescribebenzodiazepinesEXCEPT avealargetherapeuticwindow. proventoasistinseizurecontrol. equireGABAmoleculestobeatreceptorsitetobeeffective. reocasionalyusedasadjunctotreatmentofanxiety. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 12.Thebenzodiazepinesaresaidto icialysimulatetheeffectsofGABAathereceptorsite. theeffectsofGABAathereceptor. hereceptorsitemoresensitivetoGABAmolecules. ateproductionofmoreGABAmolecules. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 13.Thevariationsinchemicalstructurebetwe ndifferentbenzodiazepines tsthedurationofeffect. tstheirbindingsitewithinthebrain. minestheproductioncostsforthatspecificbenzodiazepine. natesorfacilitatestheproces oflipidbindingforthatchemical. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 14.Benzodiazepineover-sedationusualyis mmonlyencounteredwhenthepersonstartstotakeoneofthesemedications. nlyencounteredwhenthepersonstartstotakeoneofthesemedications. ureoftheindividual’svulnerabilitytothedevelopmentofphysicaladictiontooneofthese compounds. signofcros tolerancetootherCNSdepresantssuchasalcoholorantihistamines. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:SubjectiveEffectsofBenzodiazepinesatNormalDosageLevels 15.Todate,researchershaveidentified subtypesoftheGABAreceptor,andtheexact functionofeach . han20;isstilbeingexplored han20;hasbe nidentified n12and15;hasbe ngeneticalyisolated than20;isstilbeingexplored ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 16.Thebenzodiazepinesarethoughtoexertheirprimaryeffectinthe a.GABAfreceptorsite. b.GABAareceptorsite. c.GABAcreceptorsinthedescendingfibersofthemesocorticalsystem. d.GABAbreceptorsitesintheopticlobe. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 17.Personstakingdiazepam havebe nfoundtohavea50 % increasedchanceof neuritis. enedreactiontime. vehicleacidents. asedvisualperceptionindim lightsituations. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Side-EffectsoftheBenzodiazepinesWhenUsedAtNormalDosageLevels 18.Afriendstartedtakingaprescribedbenzodiazepineforanxietyandbeginstodemonstrate symptomsofdepresion andsuicidalthinking.Whichofthefolowingstatementsismostrue? a.Hisbenzodiazepineusemighthave“unmasked”ahypomanicstate. b.Thesesymptomsposiblycouldreflectararesideeffectofthisclas ofmedications. c.Hehasdevelopedatoleranceforthismedicationanditseffects. d.Thesesymptomsareacommonsideeffectwiththisclas ofmedications. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:SubjectiveEffectsofBenzodiazepinesatNormalDosageLevels 19.Thebrainconstantlyatemptstoadjustoenvironmentaldemandsthroughanumberof compensatorymechanisms, including enanceofconsistentblo dsup liestoalpartsoftheamygdala. enanceofneurotransmitersiteresponsivenes forNMDA. l-definitation. adaptation. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Neuroadaptationto,Abuseof,andAd ictionto,theBenzodiazepines 20.Thebenzodiazepinewithdrawalsyndrome omfortablebutolerableandnotdangerous. thepotentialtobelifethreatening. ycanbecarriedoutin6-12days,atmost. otusualyinvolvetheuseofagradual“taper”from thepatient’spriordose. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Neuroadaptationto,Abuseof,andAd ictionto,theBenzodiazepines 21.Whenusedatnormaldoses,whichofthefolowingisNOTapotentialsideeffectofthe benzodiazepines? a.Enhancedneurocognitivefunction b.Anterogradeamnesia c.Paradoxicalragereactions d.Over-sedation ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Side-EffectsoftheBenzodiazepinesWhenUsedAtNormalDosageLevels 2 .Benzodiazepineshavebe nfoundto insomeusers. asestage1and2sle pwhenstarted asestage1and2sle pwhenstarted reboundinsomniawhendiscontinued aseREM sle ptime ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Side-EffectsoftheBenzodiazepinesWhenUsedAtNormalDosageLevels 23.Alcoholabuserswilmostcommonlyuseabenzodiazepineto theeffectsofalcoholforalongerperiodoftimeastheygrowolder. atewithdrawaleffectsfrom alcoholduringtheworkday. musclesprains. acthemselvesfrom boring,routinetaskssuchaslongdistancedriving. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Neuroadaptationto,Abuseof,andAd ictionto,theBenzodiazepines 24.Acordingtoyourtext,flunitrazepam (Rohypnol®)isabout a.10timesaspotentasdiazepam. spotentasdiazepam unles mixedwithalcohol. timesaspotentasdiazepam. d.10 timesaspotentasdiazepam. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBenzodiazepineReceptorAntagonists(Z-CompoundsorBRAs) 25.Thepatientwhoisprescribedbuspironeshouldnotexpecto ietaryrestrictionsrecommendedwhileheorsheisonthismedication. iencethepeakeffectsin2-5hours. etodosejustoncedaily. otakeadose3-4timesaday. ANSWER: c POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBenzodiazepineReceptorAntagonists(Z-CompoundsorBRAs) 26.Zaleplonapearsto asesle platencybutdoesnotsignificantlyinterferewithREM sle p. asessle platencyanddoesnotlengthenthetotaldurationoftimespentasle p. effectonsleplatencybutreducesREM sle ptime. asessle platencybutcauses“fragmentation”ofslepcycles. ANSWER: a POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBenzodiazepineReceptorAntagonists(Z-CompoundsorBRAs) 27.Thepeakeffectsofzaleplonap ear last3hoursofthenight’sslep. first4hoursafteringestion. increasedtimespentasle p. gREM sle p. ANSWER: b POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBenzodiazepineReceptorAntagonists(Z-CompoundsorBRAs) 28.Describethenatureofthedebateregardingthelongterm efficacyofbenzodiazepinesas anxiolytics. ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:ThePharmacologyoftheBenzodiazepines 29.D iscus therelationshipbetwe nbenzodiazepinesandsuicideatempts. ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:SubjectiveEffectsofBenzodiazepinesatNormalDosageLevels 30.Whataresomeofthelongterm consequencesofchronicbenzodiazepineuse? ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:Neuroadaptationto,Abuseof,andAd ictionto,theBenzodiazepines 31.Describetheserotoninsyndrome,oneofthemoreseriousadverseeffectsofbuspirone. ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBenzodiazepineReceptorAntagonists(Z-CompoundsorBRAs) 32.Describesomeofthemorecommonsideeffectsofthenewerhypnotics. ANSWER: Noanswerprovided. POINTS: 1 REFERENCES:TheBenzodiazepineReceptorAntagonists(Z-CompoundsorBRAs)