Whole of the Edexcel Britain Transformed
course summarised.
Britain
Transformed
Notes
1918-79
Claudia
,Contents
A changing political and economic environment 1918-1979 ............................................................................ 3
Timeline ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Changes in the political landscape ................................................................................................................. 4
Rise of Labour .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Conservative Dominance 1918-1931 .......................................................................................................... 8
The National Government ......................................................................................................................... 10
Consensus 1945-1979................................................................................................................................ 13
Changes in the economic landscape ............................................................................................................ 21
Changes in industrial relations ..................................................................................................................... 29
1918-1939.................................................................................................................................................. 29
1939-1964.................................................................................................................................................. 30
1964-1979.................................................................................................................................................. 32
Creating a Welfare State 1918-1979 ................................................................................................................ 34
Timeline ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Welfare support ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Pre-1918 .................................................................................................................................................... 34
Interwar years ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Impact of WW2 ......................................................................................................................................... 38
The Atlee government .............................................................................................................................. 39
Challenges to the welfare state 1964-1979 ............................................................................................. 40
Healthcare ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Pre 1918 .................................................................................................................................................... 41
The Interwar years .................................................................................................................................... 41
Impact of WW2 ......................................................................................................................................... 42
The Creation of the NHS ........................................................................................................................... 43
Healthcare 1951-1979............................................................................................................................... 44
Education ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
Early 20th Century...................................................................................................................................... 45
40’s onwards ............................................................................................................................................. 46
University 1918-1979 ................................................................................................................................ 48
Society in transition .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Changes in class ............................................................................................................................................. 49
The Upper Class......................................................................................................................................... 49
The Middle Class ....................................................................................................................................... 50
The Working Class ..................................................................................................................................... 51
, The Growth of the Permissive Society 1951-1979 ........................................................................................ 52
Liberal laws ............................................................................................................................................... 52
A more sexual society? ............................................................................................................................. 53
Changing attitudes to homosexuality ...................................................................................................... 54
Opposition to the permissive society....................................................................................................... 55
Immigration ................................................................................................................................................... 56
Women .......................................................................................................................................................... 60
Changing Quality of Life.................................................................................................................................... 61
Living Standards 1918-1979 .......................................................................................................................... 61
Boom, crisis, recovery and war -1918-1945 ............................................................................................. 61
Growth of a consumer society 1951-1979 ............................................................................................... 63
Mass Popular Culture .................................................................................................................................... 64
Cinema....................................................................................................................................................... 64
Radio.......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Music ......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Television .................................................................................................................................................. 66
Youth Culture ............................................................................................................................................ 66
Leisure pursuits ............................................................................................................................................. 67
Football - growth and decline of live spectatorship ................................................................................ 67
Holidays and tourism ................................................................................................................................ 68
Travel Developments ................................................................................................................................ 68
Impact of Thatcher 1979-90 ............................................................................................................................. 70
Margaret Thatcher ........................................................................................................................................ 70
Economics ...................................................................................................................................................... 70
Monetarism............................................................................................................................................... 71
Privatisation .............................................................................................................................................. 71
Deregulation ............................................................................................................................................. 72
Taxation..................................................................................................................................................... 72
Trade Unions ............................................................................................................................................. 73
Was the state ‘rolled back’? .......................................................................................................................... 74
Thatcher’s views ....................................................................................................................................... 74
Civil Service ............................................................................................................................................... 75
Local Government ..................................................................................................................................... 75
NHS ............................................................................................................................................................ 76
Education................................................................................................................................................... 76
Overall: ...................................................................................................................................................... 76
, Political and Social Division ........................................................................................................................... 77
Political Division ........................................................................................................................................ 77
Social Division ........................................................................................................................................... 78
Effects of politics and party development .................................................................................................... 79
Conservatives ............................................................................................................................................ 79
Labour........................................................................................................................................................ 79
Other Parties ............................................................................................................................................. 80
A changing political and economic environment 1918-1979
Timeline
Prime Minister Time in Reason for fall Events in this time
office
HH Asquith 1908-1916 Lost election • 1914 WW1 begins
David Lloyd George 1916-1922 Conservatives ended • WW1 ends
• ‘Coupon election’ coalition • 1918 ROPA
• Splits Liberal party • 1922 ‘Chanak incident’
• ‘Cash for honours’ • 1922 ‘Geddes Axe’
Andrew Bonar Law 1922-1923 Ill health • Speech in 1922 encourages
• ‘Unknown Prime conservatives to end coalition
Minister’
• Died of throat cancer
Stanley Baldwin 1923-1924 Lost vote of
confidence
Ramsey Macdonald 1924-1924 Lost election • First Labour Prime Minister
Stanley Baldwin 1924-1929 Lost Election • 1925 Return to Gold Standard
• 1926 General Strike
• 1927 Trade Disputes Act
• 1928 vote extended to women over 21
• 1929 Wall St. Crash
Ramsey Macdonald 1929-1935 Ill health • Unemployment 2 million
• Minority government • Forms National Government
• Seen as a traitor • 1931 Abandons Gold Standard
Stanley Baldwin 1935-1937 Retirement • 1936 Abdication
Neville Chamberlain 1937-1940 Resigned • Appeasement - ‘peace in our time’
• 1939 Germany invades Poland - WW2
begins
Winston Churchill 1940-1945 Lost Election • WW2
• Won the war • 1940 Emergency Powers Act
Clement Atlee 1945-51 Lost Election
Winston Churchill 1951-1955 Retired • 1954 End of rationing
Anthony Eden 1955-1957 Retired, ill health • Suez Crisis
Harold Macmillan 1957-1963 Resigned - ill health • 1963 ‘Profumo Affair’
course summarised.
Britain
Transformed
Notes
1918-79
Claudia
,Contents
A changing political and economic environment 1918-1979 ............................................................................ 3
Timeline ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Changes in the political landscape ................................................................................................................. 4
Rise of Labour .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Conservative Dominance 1918-1931 .......................................................................................................... 8
The National Government ......................................................................................................................... 10
Consensus 1945-1979................................................................................................................................ 13
Changes in the economic landscape ............................................................................................................ 21
Changes in industrial relations ..................................................................................................................... 29
1918-1939.................................................................................................................................................. 29
1939-1964.................................................................................................................................................. 30
1964-1979.................................................................................................................................................. 32
Creating a Welfare State 1918-1979 ................................................................................................................ 34
Timeline ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Welfare support ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Pre-1918 .................................................................................................................................................... 34
Interwar years ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Impact of WW2 ......................................................................................................................................... 38
The Atlee government .............................................................................................................................. 39
Challenges to the welfare state 1964-1979 ............................................................................................. 40
Healthcare ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
Pre 1918 .................................................................................................................................................... 41
The Interwar years .................................................................................................................................... 41
Impact of WW2 ......................................................................................................................................... 42
The Creation of the NHS ........................................................................................................................... 43
Healthcare 1951-1979............................................................................................................................... 44
Education ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
Early 20th Century...................................................................................................................................... 45
40’s onwards ............................................................................................................................................. 46
University 1918-1979 ................................................................................................................................ 48
Society in transition .......................................................................................................................................... 49
Changes in class ............................................................................................................................................. 49
The Upper Class......................................................................................................................................... 49
The Middle Class ....................................................................................................................................... 50
The Working Class ..................................................................................................................................... 51
, The Growth of the Permissive Society 1951-1979 ........................................................................................ 52
Liberal laws ............................................................................................................................................... 52
A more sexual society? ............................................................................................................................. 53
Changing attitudes to homosexuality ...................................................................................................... 54
Opposition to the permissive society....................................................................................................... 55
Immigration ................................................................................................................................................... 56
Women .......................................................................................................................................................... 60
Changing Quality of Life.................................................................................................................................... 61
Living Standards 1918-1979 .......................................................................................................................... 61
Boom, crisis, recovery and war -1918-1945 ............................................................................................. 61
Growth of a consumer society 1951-1979 ............................................................................................... 63
Mass Popular Culture .................................................................................................................................... 64
Cinema....................................................................................................................................................... 64
Radio.......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Music ......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Television .................................................................................................................................................. 66
Youth Culture ............................................................................................................................................ 66
Leisure pursuits ............................................................................................................................................. 67
Football - growth and decline of live spectatorship ................................................................................ 67
Holidays and tourism ................................................................................................................................ 68
Travel Developments ................................................................................................................................ 68
Impact of Thatcher 1979-90 ............................................................................................................................. 70
Margaret Thatcher ........................................................................................................................................ 70
Economics ...................................................................................................................................................... 70
Monetarism............................................................................................................................................... 71
Privatisation .............................................................................................................................................. 71
Deregulation ............................................................................................................................................. 72
Taxation..................................................................................................................................................... 72
Trade Unions ............................................................................................................................................. 73
Was the state ‘rolled back’? .......................................................................................................................... 74
Thatcher’s views ....................................................................................................................................... 74
Civil Service ............................................................................................................................................... 75
Local Government ..................................................................................................................................... 75
NHS ............................................................................................................................................................ 76
Education................................................................................................................................................... 76
Overall: ...................................................................................................................................................... 76
, Political and Social Division ........................................................................................................................... 77
Political Division ........................................................................................................................................ 77
Social Division ........................................................................................................................................... 78
Effects of politics and party development .................................................................................................... 79
Conservatives ............................................................................................................................................ 79
Labour........................................................................................................................................................ 79
Other Parties ............................................................................................................................................. 80
A changing political and economic environment 1918-1979
Timeline
Prime Minister Time in Reason for fall Events in this time
office
HH Asquith 1908-1916 Lost election • 1914 WW1 begins
David Lloyd George 1916-1922 Conservatives ended • WW1 ends
• ‘Coupon election’ coalition • 1918 ROPA
• Splits Liberal party • 1922 ‘Chanak incident’
• ‘Cash for honours’ • 1922 ‘Geddes Axe’
Andrew Bonar Law 1922-1923 Ill health • Speech in 1922 encourages
• ‘Unknown Prime conservatives to end coalition
Minister’
• Died of throat cancer
Stanley Baldwin 1923-1924 Lost vote of
confidence
Ramsey Macdonald 1924-1924 Lost election • First Labour Prime Minister
Stanley Baldwin 1924-1929 Lost Election • 1925 Return to Gold Standard
• 1926 General Strike
• 1927 Trade Disputes Act
• 1928 vote extended to women over 21
• 1929 Wall St. Crash
Ramsey Macdonald 1929-1935 Ill health • Unemployment 2 million
• Minority government • Forms National Government
• Seen as a traitor • 1931 Abandons Gold Standard
Stanley Baldwin 1935-1937 Retirement • 1936 Abdication
Neville Chamberlain 1937-1940 Resigned • Appeasement - ‘peace in our time’
• 1939 Germany invades Poland - WW2
begins
Winston Churchill 1940-1945 Lost Election • WW2
• Won the war • 1940 Emergency Powers Act
Clement Atlee 1945-51 Lost Election
Winston Churchill 1951-1955 Retired • 1954 End of rationing
Anthony Eden 1955-1957 Retired, ill health • Suez Crisis
Harold Macmillan 1957-1963 Resigned - ill health • 1963 ‘Profumo Affair’
