INC3701
Assignment 2
Unique code: 799386
Student number:
, QUESTION 1
1.1) The term inclusion refers to a sense of community and creating shared
spaces. Inclusion takes place in a classroom community that is continuously
changing according to the students, the needs as well as their interests
Inclusive education refers to restructuring the educational system in order to
meet the needs of all students regardless of their background. Inclusion and
participation is essential for proper human development therefore genuine
equalization of opportunity needs to be reflected in the field of education. The
principle of inclusive education is that all children should learn together
regardless of any difficulties or differences they may have. Inclusive
educational settings should accommodate and respond to the diverse needs
of their students.
1.2.1) Critical theory critiques the view of society, social structure and group culture.
It criticizes social justice, racial oppression, discrimination and many other
contradictions. Critical theory examines how educational systems can
successfully and effectively provide education to all people. In the view of
critical theory every learner has the right to access education and every
learner has their unique strengths and weaknesses.
The key principles of critical theory includes the right for every single learner
to access education, the challenging of social injustices and inequalities, the
celebration of human diversity, the promotion of human rights for persons with
disabilities and the promotion of peace by striving to eliminate isolation,
labelling, bullying and discrimination in schools and society.
1.2.2) African philosophies are reactionary to schools of thought that promote
colonial supremacy. African philosophies provides a lens on issues that
influence inclusive education. These issues include cultural heritage, belief
systems and values that influence the way learners learn.
Sotuku and Duku identified elements of Ubuntu which are central to the
principles of African philosophy and that includes the fact that Ubuntu values
humanness, justice, personhood and morality as well as diversity and respect
for human dignity, Ubuntu values independence and dependence as it
requires supportiveness, cooperation and solidarity within the community,
Ubuntu promotes a spirit of interconnectedness, social cohesion, respect and
dignity, collectivism and solidarity, communal enterprise and leadership.
Ubuntu also facilitates a spirit of compassion, hospitality and sharing.
1.2.3) Social constructivism views disability as a social construct, deployed against
minorities and social marginalisation. It shifts the perception about disability
from a biological and deficit perspective to a social construct perspective.
Social constructivism views disability as a developmental process instead of
static condition. Social constructivism advocates for the school system to
adjust to create enabling and healthy learning environments for each learner.
Social constructivism focuses on collaborative learning and believes that
knowledge develops from how people interact with each other. Students rely
Assignment 2
Unique code: 799386
Student number:
, QUESTION 1
1.1) The term inclusion refers to a sense of community and creating shared
spaces. Inclusion takes place in a classroom community that is continuously
changing according to the students, the needs as well as their interests
Inclusive education refers to restructuring the educational system in order to
meet the needs of all students regardless of their background. Inclusion and
participation is essential for proper human development therefore genuine
equalization of opportunity needs to be reflected in the field of education. The
principle of inclusive education is that all children should learn together
regardless of any difficulties or differences they may have. Inclusive
educational settings should accommodate and respond to the diverse needs
of their students.
1.2.1) Critical theory critiques the view of society, social structure and group culture.
It criticizes social justice, racial oppression, discrimination and many other
contradictions. Critical theory examines how educational systems can
successfully and effectively provide education to all people. In the view of
critical theory every learner has the right to access education and every
learner has their unique strengths and weaknesses.
The key principles of critical theory includes the right for every single learner
to access education, the challenging of social injustices and inequalities, the
celebration of human diversity, the promotion of human rights for persons with
disabilities and the promotion of peace by striving to eliminate isolation,
labelling, bullying and discrimination in schools and society.
1.2.2) African philosophies are reactionary to schools of thought that promote
colonial supremacy. African philosophies provides a lens on issues that
influence inclusive education. These issues include cultural heritage, belief
systems and values that influence the way learners learn.
Sotuku and Duku identified elements of Ubuntu which are central to the
principles of African philosophy and that includes the fact that Ubuntu values
humanness, justice, personhood and morality as well as diversity and respect
for human dignity, Ubuntu values independence and dependence as it
requires supportiveness, cooperation and solidarity within the community,
Ubuntu promotes a spirit of interconnectedness, social cohesion, respect and
dignity, collectivism and solidarity, communal enterprise and leadership.
Ubuntu also facilitates a spirit of compassion, hospitality and sharing.
1.2.3) Social constructivism views disability as a social construct, deployed against
minorities and social marginalisation. It shifts the perception about disability
from a biological and deficit perspective to a social construct perspective.
Social constructivism views disability as a developmental process instead of
static condition. Social constructivism advocates for the school system to
adjust to create enabling and healthy learning environments for each learner.
Social constructivism focuses on collaborative learning and believes that
knowledge develops from how people interact with each other. Students rely
