NR 503 Week 4 Midterm Exam (Scored A)

NR 503 Week 4 Midterm Exam (Scored A) Which of the following statements best describe efficacy?  It is an estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions  It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups Question 2 A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for reducing heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an additional study is done restricting the participants to be r&omized to those who have a history of hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be claimed by the researchers?  The generalizability of the study is increased Question 3 What is the main advantage of the r&omization of the 168 study participants to one of the two drug treatment groups?  Reduces the potential for selection bias in allocation of treatment group Question 4 After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who had a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, & those with a first AMI who were at low risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes the study design?  R&omized clinical trial with stratified r&omization Question 5 After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men, while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to be true?  R&omization was successful since the investigators did not alter the selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal percentages of men Question 6 A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months & found that 87% of participants in the placebo group & 85% of those in the drug X group had taken more than 90% of their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this finding?  The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the treatment dosages should be assessed as they may differ from those who complied Question 7 Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study as a doubleblind trial?  Double blinding ensures that potential biases regarding selection, follow-up, & analysis can be reduced Question 8 A multicenter double-blind r&omized study was carried out to compare the effect of drug X with that of a placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Treatment with the drug started 7 days after infarction in 1,884 patients, 52% of all persons who were evaluated for entry into the study. 945 participants were r&omized to treatment with drug X while 939 were assigned to the placebo group. Patients were then followed for 12 months for reinfarction. There were 152 deaths in the placebo group & 98 in the group receiving drug X. The researchers conclude that treatment with drug X reduces mortality in patients who have had an AMI. The researchers are:  Correct because the rate of death is decreased in the drug X group Question 9 The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers who want to quit were r&omized to one of four groups: control group C who received no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures about how to quit smoking, quitting guide & support group QS who received quitting brochures as well as social support brochures listing benefits of smoking cessation, & telephone support group T who received the brochures & a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, & 24 months after r&omization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. Which group had the least success in terms of quitting smoking?