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Samenvatting Cursus Microbiologie UCLL

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Samenvatting van de cursus microbiologie aan de UCLL die wordt gegeven in periode 3.

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Microbiologie
H1: Inleiding
- Nuttige micro-organismen: - kringloop der elementen
- Milieubeheer( afvalwaterzuivering)
- levensmiddelen industrie (bier, wijn, brood)

- Schadelijke micro-organismen: - Bederf, infecties,toxinevorming

H2: Indeling micro-organismen
Eukaryoten
Protozoa: -ééncellig à voeding dr fagocytose (vast) en pinocytose (vloeibaar)
à geen fotosynthese

Onbeweeglijk: cyste-fase (dormant)
Beweeglijk: trofozoiet (proliferatie)

Algen: -Fotosynthese à chlorofyl in chloroplasten (groen)
-Celwand: cellulose

à Euglena (oogdiertje plant of dier): heterotroof + bladgroen

Fungi: -Celwand chitine
-Sporenvorming: sexueel/asexueel

Gisten= Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Schimmels: filamenteuze fungi : mycelium
Paddenstoelen: “

Prokaryoten
Bacteriën: -Metabolisme: Zuurstofbehoefte (aeroob/anaeroob)
Energiewinning (fototroof/chemotroof)
Koolstofbron (heterotroof/autotroof)

à Protoebacteriën: darmbacteriën
Grampositieven: Dikke peptodiglycaanlaag en membraan
Gramnegatieven: Dunne petodiglycaanlaag en 2 membranen
Cyano: fotosynthese

Archaebacteriën : extreme omstandigheden ( anaeroob, hoge zout, hoge T)

Virussen: - 50 nm
-niet actief wel overdraagbaar = virion
-bacterie-virussen = bacteriofagen

, à Bouw: Nucleïnezuur (DNA) = genoom
Proteïnemantel = kapside eventueel nog extra envelop



H3: Microbiële Cel

Bacteriën
Vorm: -kokken à bolvormig
à keten: strepto
à trossen: stapylo
-staafjesà bacillus
-spirillenà spiraal
- spirochetenà helix
- kommavormigà vibrio
à geen vorm: pleiomorg
Afmeting: 0,5 um to 5um

Prokaryoot
Structuur: -Fosfolipiden (fosfolipidendubbellaag), proteïnen (integraal=hydrofoob)
(perifeer= hydrofiel)
Functie: -transport, metabole processen

Cytoplasma à 70 % water + ribosomen(eiwitsynthese)

Nucleoïd: - chromosoom( supercoiled) + plasmiden

Celwand: peptidoglycaanlaag (-+) à mureïne en mucopeptide (NAG +NAM)
N-acetyl glucosamine
muraminezuur
à cross-linking verschillende lagen door network
à tegen lyseren: hypotonisch
à lysozym: kan NAG en NAM verbreken
à penicilline: antibiotica tegen peptidoglycaan

Structuren aan celoppervlak:

- Kapsel en slijmlaag à extra bescherming + aanhechting
à S-laag

- Pili en fimbriae à Filamenten: aanhechting, voortbeweging, overdracht DNA

- Flagellen àHelix uitsteeksel voor beweging
- Monotriech 1
- Lofotriech # kant
- Amfitriech 1 per pool
- Peritriech overal

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April 26, 2022
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