501 gStudy gGuides
NURS g501 gAdvanced gPhysiology gand gPathophysiology
Chapter g1: gCellular gBiology gStudy
gGuide
1. Which gstatement gbest gdescribes gthe gcellular gfunction gof gmetabolic gabsorption?
a. Cells gcan gproduce gproteins. gc. gCells gcan gtake gin gand guse
gnutrients. gb. gCells gcan g secrete gdigestive genzymes. gd. gCells
gcan gsynthesize gfats.
2. Most gof ga gcell’s ggenetic ginformation, gincluding gRNA gand gDNA, gis gcontained
gin gthe:
a. Mitochondria gc. gNucleolus gb. gRibosome gd. gLysosome
3. Which gcomponent gof gthe gcell gproduces ghydrogen gperoxide g(H2 gO2 g) gby gusing goxygen gto
gremove
hydrogen gatoms gfrom gspecific gsubstrates gin
gan goxidative g reaction? ga. gLysosomes gc.
gRibosomes gb. gPeroxisomes gd.
g Oxyhydrosomes
4. Which gcell gcomponent gis gcapable gof gcellular gautodigestion gwhen git gis greleased
gduring gcell ginjury?
a. Ribosome gc. gSmooth gendoplasmic greticulum gb. gGolgi
gcomplex gd. g Lysosomes
5. What gis gthe gsequence gof gsteps gin gthe gdevelopment gof ga gdigestive genzyme
gby gthe gpancreas gcells g from gthe ginitial gtranscription gto gthe grelease gfrom
gthe gcell?
a. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gfrom gDNA gby gRNA gin gthe
gnucleus, gproceeds gto gthe g ribosome gfor gsynthesis, gand gis
gtransported gin ga gsecretory gvesicle gto gthe gcell g membrane.
b. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gfrom gRNA gby gDNA gin gthe
gnucleus, gproceeds gto gthe g lysosome gfor gsynthesis, gand gis
gtransported gin gan gencapsulated gmembrane gto gthe g cell
gmembrane.
c. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gby gthe gmitochondria gin gthe gnucleus,
gproceeds gto gthe g ribosome gfor gsynthesis, gand gis gtransported gin
ga gcytoskeleton gto gthe gcell gmembrane.
d. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gfrom gDNA gby gRNA gin gthe
gnucleus, gproceeds gto gthe g Golgi gcomplex gfor gsynthesis, gand gis
, gtransported gin gcytosol gto gthe gcell gmembrane.
6. During gwhich gphase gof gthe gcell gcycle gis gDNA gsynthesized?
a. G1 g b. gS gc. gG2 g g g d. gM
7. What gorganic gcompound gfacilitates gtransportation gacross gcell gmembranes gby
gacting gas greceptors, g transport gchannels gfor gelectrolytes, gand genzymes gto
gdrive gactive
, pumps? ga. gLipids gc. gProteins gb. gProteases gd. gCarbohydrates
8. Understanding gthe gvarious gsteps gof gproteolytic gcascades, gsuch gas gcaspase-
mediated gapoptosis gand g complement gcascades, gmay gbe guseful gin gdesigning
gdrug gtherapy gfor gwhich ghuman gdiseases?
a. Cardiac gand gvascular gdisorders gb. gAutoimmune gand gmalignant
gdisorders gc. g Gastrointestinal gand grenal gdisorders gd. gEndocrine
gand ggastrointestinal gdisorders
9. Which gstructure gprevents gwater-soluble gmolecules gfrom gentering gcells
gacross gthe gplasma g membrane?
a. Carbohydrate gchains.
b. Membrane gchannel gproteins
c. Glycoprotein gchannels
d. Lipid gbilayer g(Phospholipids gbi-layer)
10. The gfluid gmosaic gmodel gexplains:
a. How ga gcell gmembrane gfunctions gb. gWhy gour gbodies gappear
gto gbe gsolid gc. g How gtissue gis gdifferentiated gd. gHow gfluid
gmoves gbetween gthe gintracellular gand g extracellular gcompartments
11. Which gform gof gcell gcommunication gis gused gto gcommunicate gwithin gthe gcell
gitself gand gwith gother g cells gin gdirect gphysical gcontact?
a. Protein gchannel g(gap gjunction) gb. gPlasma gmembrane-bound gsignaling
gmolecules g (involving greceptors) gc. gHormone gsecretion gsuch gas
gneurotransmitters gd. gExtracellular g chemical gmessengers gsuch gas
gligands
12. Which gmode gof gchemical gsignaling guses gblood gto gtransport gcommunication gto
gcells gsome gdistance g away?
a. gParacrine gc. gNeurotransmitter gb. gAutocrine gd. gHormonal
13. Which gmode gof gchemical gsignaling guses glocal gchemical gmediators gthat gare
gquickly gtaken gup, g destroyed, gor gimmobilized?
a. Paracrine gc. gNeurotransmitter gb. gAutocrine gd. gHormone
14. Neurotransmitters gaffect gthe gpostsynaptic gmembrane gby gbinding gto:
a. Lipids gc. gAmphipathic glipids gb. gRibosomes gd. gReceptors
15. How gdo gcells greceive gcommunication gfrom gthe gextracellular gfluid gsurrounding
gthem?
, a. Protein gchannel g(gap gjunction) gb. gPlasma gmembrane-bound
gsignaling g molecules g(involving greceptors) gc. gHormone
gsecretion gsuch gas g neurotransmitters gd. gChemical
gmessengers gsuch gas gligands
16. When ga gsecond gmessage gis gnecessary gfor gextracellular gcommunication gto
gbe gactivated, git gis g provided gby gwhich gone?
a. Guanosine gtriphosphate g(GTP) gc. gAdenosine gtriphosphate g(ATP)
gb. gAdenosine gmonophosphate g(AMP) gd. gGuanosine gdiphosphate
g(GDP)
17. Under ganaerobic gconditions, gwhat gprocess gprovides genergy
gfor gthe gcell? g A.. gOxidative gphosphorylation
B.. gLactolysis
C. Glycolysis
D. Passive gtransport
18. What gis gthe gmechanism gby gwhich gthe genergy gproduced gfrom gcarbohydrates,
gproteins, gand glipids gis g transferred gto gadenosine gtriphosphate g(ATP)?
a. Anaerobic gglycolysis gc. gOxidative gphosphorylation gb.
gOxidative gcellular g metabolism gd. gTricarboxylic gacid
gphosphorylation
19. Passive gtransport gis gbest gdescribed gwith gwhich gstatement?
a. Being gdriven gby gosmosis, ghydrostatic gpressure, gand gdiffusion.
b. Involving greceptors gthat gcan gbind gwith gsubstances gbeing gtransported.
c. Being gcapable gof gtransporting gmacromolecules.
d. Requiring genergy ggenerated gby gthe gcell
20. Active gtransport goccurs gacross gwhich gtype gof gmembranes?
a. Membranes gthat ghave ga ghigher gconcentration gof gthe gsolute gon gthe goutside
gof gthe gcell
b. Membranes gthat gare gsemipermeable gto gwater gand gsmall
gelectrically guncharged g molecules
c. Membranes gthat ghave greceptors gthat gare gcapable gof gbinding gwith
gthe gsubstances gto g be gtransported
d. Membranes gthat ghave ga gcell gmembrane gthat gis ghydrophobic grather gthan
ghydrophilic
21. Which gmethod gof gtransport guses gtransmembrane gproteins gwith greceptors gwith
ga ghigh gdegree gof g specificity gfor gthe gsubstance gbeing gtransported?
a. Active gc. gTransmembranous gb. gMediated gd. gPassive
22. The gmovement gof gfluid gacross gthe garterial gend gof gcapillary gmembranes ginto
NURS g501 gAdvanced gPhysiology gand gPathophysiology
Chapter g1: gCellular gBiology gStudy
gGuide
1. Which gstatement gbest gdescribes gthe gcellular gfunction gof gmetabolic gabsorption?
a. Cells gcan gproduce gproteins. gc. gCells gcan gtake gin gand guse
gnutrients. gb. gCells gcan g secrete gdigestive genzymes. gd. gCells
gcan gsynthesize gfats.
2. Most gof ga gcell’s ggenetic ginformation, gincluding gRNA gand gDNA, gis gcontained
gin gthe:
a. Mitochondria gc. gNucleolus gb. gRibosome gd. gLysosome
3. Which gcomponent gof gthe gcell gproduces ghydrogen gperoxide g(H2 gO2 g) gby gusing goxygen gto
gremove
hydrogen gatoms gfrom gspecific gsubstrates gin
gan goxidative g reaction? ga. gLysosomes gc.
gRibosomes gb. gPeroxisomes gd.
g Oxyhydrosomes
4. Which gcell gcomponent gis gcapable gof gcellular gautodigestion gwhen git gis greleased
gduring gcell ginjury?
a. Ribosome gc. gSmooth gendoplasmic greticulum gb. gGolgi
gcomplex gd. g Lysosomes
5. What gis gthe gsequence gof gsteps gin gthe gdevelopment gof ga gdigestive genzyme
gby gthe gpancreas gcells g from gthe ginitial gtranscription gto gthe grelease gfrom
gthe gcell?
a. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gfrom gDNA gby gRNA gin gthe
gnucleus, gproceeds gto gthe g ribosome gfor gsynthesis, gand gis
gtransported gin ga gsecretory gvesicle gto gthe gcell g membrane.
b. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gfrom gRNA gby gDNA gin gthe
gnucleus, gproceeds gto gthe g lysosome gfor gsynthesis, gand gis
gtransported gin gan gencapsulated gmembrane gto gthe g cell
gmembrane.
c. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gby gthe gmitochondria gin gthe gnucleus,
gproceeds gto gthe g ribosome gfor gsynthesis, gand gis gtransported gin
ga gcytoskeleton gto gthe gcell gmembrane.
d. The genzyme gis gtranscribed gfrom gDNA gby gRNA gin gthe
gnucleus, gproceeds gto gthe g Golgi gcomplex gfor gsynthesis, gand gis
, gtransported gin gcytosol gto gthe gcell gmembrane.
6. During gwhich gphase gof gthe gcell gcycle gis gDNA gsynthesized?
a. G1 g b. gS gc. gG2 g g g d. gM
7. What gorganic gcompound gfacilitates gtransportation gacross gcell gmembranes gby
gacting gas greceptors, g transport gchannels gfor gelectrolytes, gand genzymes gto
gdrive gactive
, pumps? ga. gLipids gc. gProteins gb. gProteases gd. gCarbohydrates
8. Understanding gthe gvarious gsteps gof gproteolytic gcascades, gsuch gas gcaspase-
mediated gapoptosis gand g complement gcascades, gmay gbe guseful gin gdesigning
gdrug gtherapy gfor gwhich ghuman gdiseases?
a. Cardiac gand gvascular gdisorders gb. gAutoimmune gand gmalignant
gdisorders gc. g Gastrointestinal gand grenal gdisorders gd. gEndocrine
gand ggastrointestinal gdisorders
9. Which gstructure gprevents gwater-soluble gmolecules gfrom gentering gcells
gacross gthe gplasma g membrane?
a. Carbohydrate gchains.
b. Membrane gchannel gproteins
c. Glycoprotein gchannels
d. Lipid gbilayer g(Phospholipids gbi-layer)
10. The gfluid gmosaic gmodel gexplains:
a. How ga gcell gmembrane gfunctions gb. gWhy gour gbodies gappear
gto gbe gsolid gc. g How gtissue gis gdifferentiated gd. gHow gfluid
gmoves gbetween gthe gintracellular gand g extracellular gcompartments
11. Which gform gof gcell gcommunication gis gused gto gcommunicate gwithin gthe gcell
gitself gand gwith gother g cells gin gdirect gphysical gcontact?
a. Protein gchannel g(gap gjunction) gb. gPlasma gmembrane-bound gsignaling
gmolecules g (involving greceptors) gc. gHormone gsecretion gsuch gas
gneurotransmitters gd. gExtracellular g chemical gmessengers gsuch gas
gligands
12. Which gmode gof gchemical gsignaling guses gblood gto gtransport gcommunication gto
gcells gsome gdistance g away?
a. gParacrine gc. gNeurotransmitter gb. gAutocrine gd. gHormonal
13. Which gmode gof gchemical gsignaling guses glocal gchemical gmediators gthat gare
gquickly gtaken gup, g destroyed, gor gimmobilized?
a. Paracrine gc. gNeurotransmitter gb. gAutocrine gd. gHormone
14. Neurotransmitters gaffect gthe gpostsynaptic gmembrane gby gbinding gto:
a. Lipids gc. gAmphipathic glipids gb. gRibosomes gd. gReceptors
15. How gdo gcells greceive gcommunication gfrom gthe gextracellular gfluid gsurrounding
gthem?
, a. Protein gchannel g(gap gjunction) gb. gPlasma gmembrane-bound
gsignaling g molecules g(involving greceptors) gc. gHormone
gsecretion gsuch gas g neurotransmitters gd. gChemical
gmessengers gsuch gas gligands
16. When ga gsecond gmessage gis gnecessary gfor gextracellular gcommunication gto
gbe gactivated, git gis g provided gby gwhich gone?
a. Guanosine gtriphosphate g(GTP) gc. gAdenosine gtriphosphate g(ATP)
gb. gAdenosine gmonophosphate g(AMP) gd. gGuanosine gdiphosphate
g(GDP)
17. Under ganaerobic gconditions, gwhat gprocess gprovides genergy
gfor gthe gcell? g A.. gOxidative gphosphorylation
B.. gLactolysis
C. Glycolysis
D. Passive gtransport
18. What gis gthe gmechanism gby gwhich gthe genergy gproduced gfrom gcarbohydrates,
gproteins, gand glipids gis g transferred gto gadenosine gtriphosphate g(ATP)?
a. Anaerobic gglycolysis gc. gOxidative gphosphorylation gb.
gOxidative gcellular g metabolism gd. gTricarboxylic gacid
gphosphorylation
19. Passive gtransport gis gbest gdescribed gwith gwhich gstatement?
a. Being gdriven gby gosmosis, ghydrostatic gpressure, gand gdiffusion.
b. Involving greceptors gthat gcan gbind gwith gsubstances gbeing gtransported.
c. Being gcapable gof gtransporting gmacromolecules.
d. Requiring genergy ggenerated gby gthe gcell
20. Active gtransport goccurs gacross gwhich gtype gof gmembranes?
a. Membranes gthat ghave ga ghigher gconcentration gof gthe gsolute gon gthe goutside
gof gthe gcell
b. Membranes gthat gare gsemipermeable gto gwater gand gsmall
gelectrically guncharged g molecules
c. Membranes gthat ghave greceptors gthat gare gcapable gof gbinding gwith
gthe gsubstances gto g be gtransported
d. Membranes gthat ghave ga gcell gmembrane gthat gis ghydrophobic grather gthan
ghydrophilic
21. Which gmethod gof gtransport guses gtransmembrane gproteins gwith greceptors gwith
ga ghigh gdegree gof g specificity gfor gthe gsubstance gbeing gtransported?
a. Active gc. gTransmembranous gb. gMediated gd. gPassive
22. The gmovement gof gfluid gacross gthe garterial gend gof gcapillary gmembranes ginto
