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NEUR 205

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1. Whichneurotransmitterhasaninhibitoryactionwithinthecentralnervoussystem? a. Epinephrine b. Acetylcholine c. Norepinephrine d. Gamma-aminobutyricacid ANS: D Neurotransmitterscanbeexcitatoryorinhibitory.Excitatoryneurotransmittersincludeacetylcholi ne(Ach),epinephrine,andnorepinephrine.Inhibitoryneurotransmittersincludedopamine,somet ypesofserotonin,andGABA(gamma-aminobutyricacid). DIF: CognitiveLevel:Knowing REF: p.159 2. HowdoesthedrugtolcaponerelievethesymptomsofParkinsondisease? a Actsasadopamineagonist,replacingtheactivityofdopamine . b Forcesthesubstantianigratoincreasetheproductionandreleaseofnaturaldopamine . c Suppressestheactivityofanenzymethatnormallybreaksdownnaturallyoccurringdopamine . d Increasesthenumberofdopaminereceptorssitesthroughoutthecentralnervoussystem,thusinc . reasingtheeffectivenessofdopamineanddopamineagonists ANS: C Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT)isanenzymethatbreaksdown(metabolizes)naturallyoccurringcatech olamine-basedneurotransmitters,includingdopamine.Italsobreaksdowndopamineagonistdrugs.Catech ol-O-methyltransferase(COMT)inhibitorsaredrugsthatsuppresstheactivityoftheCOMTenzymesobo thnaturallyoccurringdopamineanddopamineagonistdrugsremainactiveinthebodylonger,helpin gtorestoretheacetylcholine– dopaminebalanceinthebrain.Entacapone(Comtan)andtolcapone(Tasmar)aretwoCOMTinhibit orsthatareusedcurrentlyforPD. DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding REF: p.162 3. Whyarecarbidopaandlevodopausuallygiventogether? a. Carbidopaisadopamineagonistandlevodopaisadopamineantagonist. b. Levodopaisadopamineagonistandcarbidopaisadopamineantagonist. c. Carbidopaenhancestheactionoflevodopa,andlessdrugisneeded. d. Levodopareversesorpreventsthesideeffectsofcarbidopa. ANS: C

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Chapter09:DrugTherapyforCentralN
ervousSystemProblems
[Document subtitle]

, Chapter09:DrugTherapyforCentralNervousSystemProblems
Visovsky:IntroductiontoClinicalPharmacology,9thEdition


MULTIPLECHOICE

1. Whichneurotransmitterhasaninhibitoryactionwithinthecentralnervoussystem?
a. Epinephrine
b. Acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine
d. Gamma-aminobutyricacid
ANS: D
Neurotransmitterscanbeexcitatoryorinhibitory.Excitatoryneurotransmittersincludeacetylcholi
ne(Ach),epinephrine,andnorepinephrine.Inhibitoryneurotransmittersincludedopamine,somet
ypesofserotonin,andGABA(gamma-aminobutyricacid).

DIF: CognitiveLevel:Knowing REF: p.159

2. HowdoesthedrugtolcaponerelievethesymptomsofParkinsondisease?
a Actsasadopamineagonist,replacingtheactivityofdopamine
.
b Forcesthesubstantianigratoincreasetheproductionandreleaseofnaturaldopamine
.
c Suppressestheactivityofanenzymethatnormallybreaksdownnaturallyoccurringdopamine
.
d Increasesthenumberofdopaminereceptorssitesthroughoutthecentralnervoussystem,thusinc
. reasingtheeffectivenessofdopamineanddopamineagonists
ANS: C Catechol-O-
methyltransferase(COMT)isanenzymethatbreaksdown(metabolizes)naturallyoccurringcatech
olamine-
basedneurotransmitters,includingdopamine.Italsobreaksdowndopamineagonistdrugs.Catech ol-
O-methyltransferase(COMT)inhibitorsaredrugsthatsuppresstheactivityoftheCOMTenzymesobo
thnaturallyoccurringdopamineanddopamineagonistdrugsremainactiveinthebodylonger,helpin
gtorestoretheacetylcholine–
dopaminebalanceinthebrain.Entacapone(Comtan)andtolcapone(Tasmar)aretwoCOMTinhibit
orsthatareusedcurrentlyforPD.


DIF: CognitiveLevel:Understanding REF: p.162

3. Whyarecarbidopaandlevodopausuallygiventogether?
a. Carbidopaisadopamineagonistandlevodopaisadopamineantagonist.
b. Levodopaisadopamineagonistandcarbidopaisadopamineantagonist.
c. Carbidopaenhancestheactionoflevodopa,andlessdrugisneeded.
d. Levodopareversesorpreventsthesideeffectsofcarbidopa.
ANS: C



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https://www.coursehero.com/file/72568880/Chapter9Pharmacologydocx/

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